Wet sieve and Dry sieve

Analysis
 Wet sieve Analysis(ASTM D 1140 – 00)
These test methods cover determination of the amount
of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve by
washing.
A specimen of the soil is washed over a 75-µm (No.
200) sieve. Clay and other particles that are dispersed
by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials,
are removed from the soil during the test. The loss in
mass resulting from the wash treatment is calculated as
mass percent of the original sample and is reported as
the percentage of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200)
sieve by washing.
 Significance and Use
Material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve can be
separated from larger particles much more efficiently and
completely by wet sieving than with dry sieving.
Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer
than 75-µm sieve in soil are desired, this test method is
used on the test specimen prior to dry sieving. Usually the
additional amount of material finer than 75-µm sieve
obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it
is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be
checked, as it could be an indication of degradation of the
soil.
 With some soils, particularly clayey soils, in
order to keep the finer material from adhering to
the larger particles, it will be necessary to soak
the soil prior to washing it through the sieve. A
deflocculating agent (dispersing agent) should
be added to the soil when it is soaked.
Sieves—A minimum nest of two sieves is
recommended, the lower must be a 75-µm (No.
200) sieve and the upper may be a 425-µm (No.
40) or larger sieve. Chose a sieve with a
diameter sufficient to handle the size of
specimen required by 6.2. The 75-µm sieve
 Sieves
A minimum nest of two sieves is recommended, the
lower must be a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve and the
upper may be a 425-µm (No. 40) or larger sieve.
Chose a sieve with a diameter sufficient to handle
the size of specimen required by 6.2. The 75-µm
sieve should have a backing to prevent damage. The
sieves shall conform to the requirements of
Specification E 11. Stainless sieve mesh is
preferred, as it is less prone to damage or wear.
Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression
Test for Cohesive Soils

 This test method covers the determination of strength and stress-strain

relationships of a cylindrical specimen of either an intact, reconstituted, or
remolded saturated cohesive soil. Specimens are isotropically consolidated
and sheared in compression without drainage at a constant rate of axial
deformation (strain controlled).
 This test method provides for the calculation of total and effective
stresses, and axial compression by measurement of axial load, axial
deformation, and pore-water pressure.
 This test method provides data useful in determining strength and
deformation properties of cohesive soils such as Mohr strength envelopes
and Young’s modulus. Generally, three specimens are tested at different
effective consolidation stresses to define a strength envelope.
 The determination of strength envelopes and the development of
relationships to aid in interpreting and evaluating test results are
beyond the scope of this test method and must be performed by a
qualified, experienced professional.
 Some common terminologies use in CU
Back pressure
A pressure applied to the specimen pore-water to cause air in the pore
space to compress and to pass into solution in the pore-water thereby
increasing the percent saturation of the specimen.
effective consolidation stress the difference between the cell pressure
and the pore-water pressure prior to shearing the specimen.
Procedure fou CU test:
Step#1 Saturation
The objective of the saturation phase of the test is to fill all voids in the
specimen with water without undesirable prestressing of the specimen
or allowing the specimen to swell. Saturation is usually accomplished
by applying back pressure to the specimen pore water to drive air into
solution after saturating the system by either
• Applying vacuum to the specimen and dry drainage system (lines,
porous disks, pore-pressure device, filter-strips or cage, and disks)
and then allowing deaired water to flow through the system and
specimen while maintaining the vacuum.