Resistive

Circuits

ME 1102 Electric Circuits

Chapter 3
Resistive Circuits

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Chapter Contents
• Ohms’s Law
• Series Circuits
– Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
– Voltage Division
• Parallel Circuits
– Kirchhoff’s Current Law
– Current Division
• Source addition
• Circuit Analysis

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Ohm’s Law

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Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’s Law:
The current produced in a resistor is directly
proportional to the voltage across it (keeping R
as constant)
v i

Volts (V) Ohms ()

v  iR
Ampere (A)

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Ohm’s Law
Example 3-1 (Bogart 2e p. 29):
a) Find I in resistance
b) Find the current when voltage of the source is
doubled
c) Find the current when voltage is as part (a) and
resistance is doubled

Example 3-2 (Bogart 2e p. 29-30):

d) Find the unknown quantity in each circuit shown

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Series and Parallel

Circuits

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Series Circuits
Two elements are in series if
1. They have only one terminal in common (i.e.,
one lead of one is connected to only one lead
of the other).
2. The common point between the two elements
is not connected to another current-carrying
element.
3. The current is the same through series
elements.

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Series Circuits

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Series Circuits
Equivalent Resistance:
The total resistance of a series circuit is the sum
of the all resistance s in a series path

RT

RS  RT  R1  R2  ....  RN

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Series Circuits
EXAMPLE 3-1: (Boylestad-Example 5.2 p.132)
a) Find the total resistance for the series circuit.
b) Calculate the source current Is.
c) Determine the
voltages V1, V2,
and V3.

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Series Circuits
EXAMPLE 3-2: (Boylestad-Example 5.2 p.132)
Determine RT, I, and V2 for the given circuit:

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Series Circuits
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: (KVL)
• The algebraic sum of the potential rises and drops around a
closed loop (or path) is zero.
N

V
i 1
n 0

• The applied voltage of a series circuit equals the sum of the

voltage drops across the series elements.

R D

V  V
r 1
r
d 1
d

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Series Circuits
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: (KVL)

E  V1  V2

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Series Circuits
Properties of Series Circuits:

1. Open Circuit Voltage:

The application of Kirchhoff’s voltage law need not follow a path
that includes current-carrying elements.

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Series Circuits
Example 3-3: (Boylestad-Example 5.8 p.145)
Determine the unknown voltages for the given networks.

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Series Circuits
Example 3-4: (Boylestad-Example 5.11 p.146)
Determine the unknown voltages for the given networks:

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Series Circuits
Example 3-5:
For the given circuit:
a) Find RT. b) Find I. c) Find V1 and V2.
d) Find the power to the 4 and 6 resistors.
e) Find the power delivered by the battery, and compare it to that dissipated
by the 4Ω and 6Ω resistors combined.
f) Verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law (clockwise direction).

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Series Circuits
Properties of Series Circuits:
2. Interchanging Series Elements:
The elements of a series circuit can be interchanged without
affecting the total resistance, current, or power to each element.

3. Voltage Sources in Series:

Voltage sources can be connected in series, to increase or
decrease the total voltage applied to a system. The net voltage is
determined simply by summing the sources with the same
polarity and subtracting the total of the sources with the opposite
“pressure.” The net polarity is the polarity of the larger sum.

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Series Circuits
Properties of Series Circuits:

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Series Circuits
Properties of Series Circuits:

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Series Circuits
Properties of Series Circuits:
Example 3-5: (Boylestad-Example 5.20 p.151)
Determine I and the voltage across the 7 resistor for the given
network.

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Series Circuits
Properties of Series Circuits:
Example 3-5: (Boylestad-Example 5.9 p.137)
Determine I and the voltage across the 7 resistor for the given
network.

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Series Circuits
Properties of Series Circuits:

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Series Circuits
Voltage Division:
The voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is equal to the
value of that resistor times the total impressed voltage across the
series elements divided by the total resistance of the series
elements.
KVL: vs  v1  v2  ....  vN
n  1, 2,...N
 vs 
vn  iRn    Rn
 R1  R2  .....  RN 
 vs 
vn    Rn  Vs 
 RT  Vn    Rn
 RT 
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Series Circuits
Voltage Division:
Example 3-6:(Boylestad Example 5.16 p. 150)
Using the voltage divider rule, determine the
voltages V1 and V3.

Example 3-7: (Dorf: Example 3.4-1):

a) Determine the resistance R2 required so that
the voltage across R2 will be ¼ th of the
source voltage when R1 = 9 .
b) Determine the current when
vs = 12V.

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Series Circuits
Voltage Division:
Example 3-8: (Boylestad Example 5.15 p. 149):
Determine the voltage V1 for the network shown in Figure below.

Example 3-9: (Boylestad Example 5.17 p. 150):

Determine the voltage V′ of circuit of Example 3-6.

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Reference
1. Introduction to Electric Circuits (R. C. Dorf/Svoboda)

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