PERPENDICULARITY

Perpendicular
-It has two lines that intersect to form right angle.

90°

Line segment and rays can be also be perpendicular

Perpendicular bisector
- A perpendicular bisector of a line segment is a line or a ray or another line segment
that is perpendicular to the line segment and intersects it at its midpoint.

X Y Z

Perpendicular
bisector
XY is congruent
to YZ

- The small rectangle drawn on intersecting lines indicates a “right angle”, the ┴ symbol
indicates perpendicularity of lines as XZ ┴ PY.
To prove that two lines are perpendicular, you must show that one of the following
theorem is true. There are three theorems of perpendicularity.

Theorem 1. If two lines are perpendicular to each other then they form four right angles.

1 2
N 34

If m ┴ n, then angle 1,2,3,and 4 are right angle.

Theorem 2. If the angle in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines
containing their sides are perpendicular.

ᶩ1

ᶩ2 1 2
34

If angle 1 and 2 form a linear pair and angle 1 is congruent

to angle 2, then ᶩ1 ┴ ᶩ2 .
Theorem 3. If two angle are adjacent and complementary, non-
common sides are perpendicular.
 C R

A E

If angle CAR and EAR are complementary and adjacent,

then AC ┴ AE.
Activity:
Direction: Refer to the given figure and the given conditions in
answering the succeeding question. Raise your YES card if the answer
is yes and NO card if the answer is no.
S

M L
1. Is ML ┴ IS
2. Is MS ┴SL
3. Is SL ┴ML
4. Is angle MSI and angle ISL are complementary angles
5. Is angle MIS and angle SIE are complementary angles
4. Is angle MSI and angle ISL are complementary angles
5. Is angle MIS and angle SIE are complementary angles
6. Is IE a perpendicular bisector of SL
7. Is angle MIS and angle SIL form linear pair
8. Is angle MIS = 90°
9. Is SI shorter than SE
10. Is SE shorter than MI

Evaluation: 1 fourth sheet of paper

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the
statement is wrong.

1 2
3 4
1. Is angle ACF and angle FCD are complementary angles
2. Is angle 1 and angle 2 are linear pair
3. Is AC ┴AE
4. Is CA ┴CB
5. Is angle 2=90°
6. Is AE ┴DF
7. If AC ┴BC then AC ┴CD
8. Is CF ┴CD
9.Is angle ACF is perpendicular
10. Is FD ┴FA
Assignment: 1 half sheet of paper
Direction: Copy each figure on a separate sheet of bond paper. Draw
the segment that is perpendicular from the given point to the
identified side. Extend the sides if necessary.

A L
1. A to RH 3. D to IE

D E

R H
2. E to RN R I
E I

R N