Anti-Colisión

Anti-Colisión

Conceptos Principales
 Error System (Sistema de Error)
– Como la incertidumbre posicional es calculada?
 Scan Method (Método de Rastreo)
– Como se calcula la separación entre trayectorias?
 Warning Method (Método de Advertencia)
– Que criterio usa el programa para reportar riesgos
de Colisión?
 Error Surface (Superficie de Error)
– Como se calcula el factor de separación?
Anti-Collision – Error System

Error System (Sistema de Error)

Wellbore position uncertainty (Incertidumbre Posicional)
•Systematic Ellipse :
SPE Paper 9223 – Wolf and de Wardt (1981)
Statistical treatment for the distribution of errors caused by

external and internal influences

This model has six coefficients:
1. Misalignment Error
2. Depth Error
3. Inclination Error
4. Reference Error
5. Gyroscope Azimuth Error
Anti-Collision - Error System

Systematic Ellipse:
Combines the following Survey Tool
errors:
• Relative Depth Error
Error in measuring along hole depth e.g.
Pipe tallies, stretch in a wireline
• Misalignment Error
Error due to instrument centralization in
the wellbore
• True Inclination Error
Error in inclination reading, weight on
pipe
• Compass Reference Error
A constant error referencing north e.g.
gyro foresight error or error in magnetic
declination.
• Drillstring Magnetization
Magnetic interference cause by “hot
spots”
• Gyrocompass
Error due to gyro gimbal drift caused by
running procedures
Anti-Collision – Error System

Error System
Wellbore position uncertainty
•Cone of error
Assumes an error spheroid round each
observation. Uncertainty is constant in
all directions.
Calculation is:

Radius Sphere + MD Interval * Survey

Tool Error / 1000
Anti-Collision – Error System

1 00 0ft •Inclination Cone of

° 7ft /
1 4. 99
00 0ft t
Up to 9 ft/1
000f Error
. 99 / 1
2 4 2f t Defines an expansion rate

ft
t o 1

00
15° 9°

1000ft
80° to 89.99° 26ft/1000ft
of the error (inclination)
10
. 9
o 34 ft/
°t
14
5

ft/
2
9°

.99° 15
.9
49
to

Inclination Expansion
°
35

9
0° to 14.99° 7ft/1000ft
50° to 7

15° to 24.99° 9ft/1000ft

25° to 34.99° 12ft/1000ft
35° to 49.99° 14ft/1000ft
50° to 79.99° 15ft/1000ft
80° to 89.99° 21ft/1000ft
Anti-Collision – Error System

Error System
Wellbore position uncertainty
• ISCWSA
Industry Steering Committee for Wellbore Survey Accuracy
SPE Paper 56702 – Hugh Williamson
Defined dynamic number of parameters or Error sources for a
survey instruments:
1. Name:
2. Vector: (direction of error source)
Azimuth
Depth
Inclination
Lateral
Misalignment
Inertial
Bias
Anti-Collision – Error System

3. Value: (error value for the source of error)

4. Tie on: Determines how an error is tied onto sources:

• Random
• Systematic
• Well
• Global

5. Formula: for each error term

6. Range: Inclination range for error term

 Error System - ISCWSA

Dynamic Number of Error Sources (Terms), each defined by:

• Name e.g. Accelerometer Bias
• Vector direction for error source
 L 1  K l  K 1 
M svy
K       m i ,l ,k    m i , L , k  mi , L , K  •Azimuth
•Depth
i  l 1  k 1  k 1  •Inclination
•Lateral
•Misalignment
•Inertial
•Bias
• Value error value for the source of error

• Tie-On determines how an error source is tied onto

sources:
L 1 K 1 •Random
 Cirand    e i , L , k . e i , L , k    ei , L , K . ei , L , K 
T T
Cirand
,K  ,l
•Systematic
l 1 k 1 •Well
•Global
• Formula
 weighting 0 for each error term e.g.
1 
 cos I sin 
ASX G 
 cos I sin Am sin   cos Am cos  tan   cot I cos 

• Range inclination range for error term

T
L 1  K 1   K 1 
Cisyst
,K   Ci ,l    ei , L,k  ei , L, K .  e i , L ,k  ei , L, K 
syst

l 1  k 1   k 1 
Anti-Collision – Scan Method

Scan Method (Método de Rastreo)

Distance between Wellpaths
(Calcular la separación entre trayectorias)

• Horizontal
• 3-Dimensional closest approach
• Travelling Cylinder
Anti-Collision

Offset Well Reference Well

3D Closest Approach

Travelling Cylinder
Horizontal Plane

Scan Method
 Anti-Collision

Check Well Generic Well

3D Closest Approach

Scan Method
Anti-Collision

Check Well Generic Well

Horizontal Plane

Scan Method
Anti-Collision

Check Well Generic Well

Travelling Cylinder

Scan Method
Anti-Collision – Be careful selecting…

Travelling Cylinder Scan calculated closest

point from E4-S0 scan point to A2-S0:
• C-C Separation = 4967.40 ft
• Ratio Factor = 47.57

E4-S0 Reference Well

Scanning Point

A2-S0 Offset Well

 Anti-Collision

Warning Method (Método de Advertencia)

A way to make the program to report only those wellpaths
that have a collision Risk

• Separation factor

• Depth Ratio

• Rules Based
Anti-Collision
Separation Factor: Is a value that includes center to
center separation and positional uncertainty and can
be modify to include casing diameters.
Anti-Collision

Error Surface (Superficie de Error)

Calculating dimension of error surfaces between wellpaths
Anti-Collision

The Error Surface determines the shape of the errors

when relating one wellpath to another in the anti-
collision separation factor calculation.
Error Surface models are usually specified by
Company policy for survey accuracy and collision
avoidance assessments.
Compass has 3 available error surface models:

Elliptical Conic Optimistic

Circular Conic Conservative
Rectangular Conic More/Less Conservative
Anti-Collision

Centre to Centre Distance

12-1/4” OH Without Casing Radio 8-1/2” OH

9-5/8” Casing With Casing Radio 7” Liner

Anti-Collision

Alpha
Echo
Anti-Collision

Plan: A1-S2P1 (A1/A1-S2)

8000
Centre to Centre Separation [ft]

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

A2-S0 E4-S0
1000

0
4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 7200 7400 7600 7800 8000

Measured Depth [ft]