Units And Dimensions In

Petroleum Engineering
SYMBOL Dimensions

A area L2
B formation volume factor
Bg gas formation volume factor
Bo oil formation volume factor
Bt total (two-phase) formation volume factor
Bw water formation volume factor
c compressibility Lt2/m
Cf formation (rock) compressibility Lt2/m
Cg gas compressibility Lt2/m
Co oil compressibility Lt2/m
cw water compressibility Lt2 /m
C concentration
various
D depth L
D diffusion coefficient L2/t
e influx (encroachment) rate L3/t
eg gas influx (encroachment) rate L3/t
eo oil influx (encroachment) rate L3/t
ew water influx (encroachment) rate L3/t
f fraction (such as the fraction of a flow stream consisting
of a particular phase)
g acceleration of gravity L/t2
G total initial gas in place in reservoir L3
Ge cumulative gas influx (encroachment) L3
Gi cumulative gas injected L3
Gp cumulative gas produced L3
DGe gas influx (encroachment) during an interval L3
DGi gas injected during an interval L3
DGP gas produced during an interval L3
h net pay thickness L
H gross pay thickness L
i injection rate L3/t
ig gas injection rate L3/t
iw water injection rate L3/t
I injectivitv index L4/tm
Is specific injectivity index L4/tm
j productivity index L4/tm
js specific productivity index L4/tm
k absolute permeability L2
kg effective permeability to gas L2
ko effective permeability to oil L2
krg relative permeability to gas
kro relative permeability to oil
krw relative permeability to water
kw effective permeability to water L2
K equilibrium ratio (y/x)
In natural logarithm, base e
log, common logarithm, base 10
L length L
L moles of liquid phase
m mass m
m ratio initial reservoir free gas volume to initial
reservoir oil volume
m mobility ratio* (I/2)
m molecular weight m
n total moles
N initial oil in place in reservoir L3
Ne cumulative oil influx (encroachment) L3
NP cumulative oil produced L3
Ne cumulative oil influx (encroachment) during an
interval L3
Np oil produced during an interval L3
p pressure m/Lt2
Pa atmospheric pressure m/Lt2
Pb bubble-point (saturation) pressure m/Lt2
Pc critical pressure m/Lt2
pcf casing pressure, flowing m/Lt2
Pcs casing pressure, static m/Lt2
Pd dew-point pressure m/Lt2
Pd dimensionless pressure
Pe external boundary pressure m/Lt2
Pf front or interface pressure m/Lt2
pi initial pressure m/Lt2
Pr reduced pressure
Psc pressure, standard conditions m/Lt2
psp separator pressure m/Lt2
Ptf tubing pressure, flowing m/Lt2
Pts tubing, pressure, static m/Lt2
Pw bottom-hole pressure, general m/Lt2
Pwf bottom-hole pressure, flowing m/Lt2
p average pressure m/Lt2
Pc capillary pressure m/Lt2
q production rate L3/t
qD dimensionless production rate
qg gas production rate L3/t
qo oil production rate L3/t
qw water production rate L3/t
r radial distance L
rD dimensionless radial distance
re external boundary radius L
rw x;.-ell radius L
R producing gas-oil ratio
R universal gas constant (per mole) mL2/t2T
Rp cumulative gas-oil ratio
Rs solution gas-oil ratio (gas solubility in oil)
 S saturation
Sg gas saturation
 Sge critical gas saturation
Sgr residual oil saturation
So oil saturation
Sor residual oil saturation
Sw water saturation
Swe critical water saturation
Swr residual water saturation
t time t
tD dimensionless time
T temperature T
Tc critical temperature T
Tr reduced temperature
u volumetric velocity (flow rate per unit area) L/t
v specific volume L3/m
v velocity L/t
v moles of vapour phase
v volume L3
Vb bulk volume L3
Vm volume per mole L3
VP pore volume L3
Vs solid volume L3
W initial water in place in reservoir L3
We cumulative water influx (encroachment) L3
Wi cumulative water injected L3
WP cumulative water produced L3
We water influx (encroachment) during an interval L3
Wi water injected during an interval L3
3
x mole fraction of a component in liquid phase
y mole fraction of a component in vapour phase
z gas deviation factor (compressibility factor, z =
pV/nRT)
z mole fraction of a component in mixture

Greek
 beta thermal cubic coefficient 1/T
 deltacap difference (x = x2 – x1 or x1 - x2) [X]
 eta hydraulic diffusivity (k/c or /c) L2/t
 lambda mobility (k/) L3t/m
g lambda gas mobility L3t/m
o lambda oil mobility L3t/m
w lambda water mobility L3t/m
 mu viscosity m/Lt
o mu oil viscosity m/Lt
w mu water viscosity m/Lt
v nu kinematic viscosity L2/t
 rho density m/L3
 rho resistivity (electrical) m/L3tQ2
g rho gas density m/L3
o rho oil density m/L3
W rho water density m/L3
 sigma surface tension (interfacial tension) m/t2
 tau tortuosity
 phi porosity
 phicap potential various
 Psicap stream function various
 Subscripts
a atmospheric
b bubble-point or saturation (except when used with
volume)
b bulk (used with volume only)
c capillary (used in Pc only)
c critical
cf casing, flowing (used with pressure only)
cs casing, static (used with pressure only)
d dew-point
d differential separation
D dimensionless quantity
e cumulative influx (encroachment)
e external boundary conditions
f flash separation
f formation (rock)
f front or interface
g gas
i cumulative injected
i initial value or conditions
L liquid
M molal (used with volume only)
Max. maximum
min. minimum
o oil
p cumulative produced
p pore (used with volume only)
r reduced
r relative
r residual
s gas-oil solution (used in R, only)
s solid (used with volume only)
s specific (used with J and 1)
 sc standard conditions
sp separator conditions
sw gas-water solution (used in Rsw only)
t total
tf tubing, flowing (used with pressure only)
ts tubing, static (used with pressure only)
w water
 w well conditions
Wf bottom-hole, flowing (used with pressure only)
Ws bottom-hole, static (used with pressure only)

When the mobilities involved are on opposite sides of an interface, the mobility
ratio will be defined as the ratio of the displacing phase mobility to the displaced
phase mobility, or the ratio of the Upstream mobility to the do mobility
 API Standard Symbols For Oil
Mapping
The American Petroleum Institute recognized a similar
obstacle in the symbols used in the preparation of
subsurface, isopachous, and other field maps, and after
due study recommended a set of standard well symbols to
promote uniformity in map symbols. Because reservoir
engineers frequently use and often prepare or supervise
the preparation of oil field maps, the API standard map
symbols are given below for reference.
LOCATION O DUAL COMPLETION-OIL
ABANDONED LOCATION ERASE DUAL COMPLETION-GAS
SYMBOL
DRY HOLE DRILLED WATER-INPUT WELL
OIL WELL CONVERTED WATER-INPUT WELL
ABANDONED OIL WELL DRILLED GAS-INPUT WELL
GAS WELL CONVERTED GAS-INPUT WELL
ABADONED GAS WELL BOTTOM-HOLE OF LOCATION
DISTILIATE WELL (X INDICATES BOTTOM OF HOLE)
ABANDONED DISTILLATE WELL SALT-WATER DISPOSAL WELL