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distance (d)
Speed (s) =
time (t)
Each variable measured by units:
3 TYPES OF SPEED
Instantaneous, Average, Constant
Pretend you are looking at your car's speedometer while you are
driving. The reading you get from your speedometer is
A. instantaneous speed…
110 miles
2 hours
110 miles
2 hours
d
s=
t
55 mi/hr
Speed of runner:
20 km/hr 10 km
d
t=
s
d = 10 km Formula Plug-in Answer
t= d (km)
t (hr) =
s = 20 km/hr s (km/hr)
Do problem 6 on your
notes.
19
Instantaneous speed
(Reading on your speedometer)
2400
2000
on igh
C a
st
r a
Which one stopped 800 Is
during his/her workout?
Stopped here
400
400 meters at 10, 15, & 20 minutes
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time in minutes
22
Acceleration
24
Acceleration is defined
as the change in
velocity over time.
(change) in velocity
acceleration =
time
Vf - Vi
a=
t
27 A go-cart started from the top of a hill at 5 meters per
second. At the bottom of the hill it ended up with a speed
of 35 meters per second 6 seconds later. What was the
acceleration of the go-cart?
Vf =
In 6 s
Vi= Formula Plug-in Answer
t=
a=
bottom
35 m/s
28 A go-cart started from the top of a hill at 5 meters per
second. At the bottom of the hill it ended up with a speed
of 35 meters per second 6 seconds later. What was the
acceleration of the go-cart? Start:
initial
Step 2 Write down what you know. Velocity
What are you trying to find? 5 m/s
top
final velocity – initial velocity
acceleration =
time
Vf = 35 m/s
6s
Formula Plug-in Answer
Vi= 5 m/s
t= 6s
a=
bottom
Finish:
35 m/s final
Velocity
29 A go-cart started from the top of a hill at 5 meters per
second. At the bottom of the hill it ended up with a speed
of 35 meters per second 6 seconds later. What was the
acceleration of the go-cart?
Initial
Velocity
Step 3 Set up the formula. 5 m/s
Vf - Vi top
t
Vf = 35 m/s
Formula Plug-in Answer 6s
Vi= 5 m/s Vf - Vi
t= 6s t
a=
bottom
Final
35 m/s Velocity
30 A go-cart started from the top of a hill at 5 meters per
second. At the bottom of the hill it ended up with a speed
of 35 meters per second 6 seconds later. What was the
acceleration of the go-cart?
Step 4 Plug-in the numbers.
Solve.
Vf = 35 m/s
Formula Plug-in Answer
Vi= 5 m/s Vf - Vi 35m/s – 5 m/s 30 m/s
= 5 m/s2
t= 6s t 6s 6s
a = 5 m/s2
31
5 m/sec2
• 5 m/sec increase in speed every second.
• 0 sec 0 m/sec
• 1 sec 5 m/sec
• 2 sec 10 m/sec
• 3 sec 15 m/sec
• 4 sec 20 m/sec
• 5 sec 25 m/sec
• 6 sec 30 m/sec
32
/h i/h
70
m i
m
70 70
m
i/ h
Velocity involves both speed and direction.
Changing velocity does not have to
necessarily involve a change in speed. It
could just involve a change in direction.
7
70 m
i/ h
m
m
i
i/h
70
/h
34
Think Differently About Acceleration
1. Consider a car moving at a constant speed
of 55 mph while turning in a circle.
Speed of Sound
• If you shout at a wall that is 40 meters
away how long will it take before you
hear the echo of your voice. (The
speed of sound = 343 m/sec)
37
Speed of Sound
• If you shout at a wall that is 40 meters
away how long will it take before you
hear the echo of your voice. (The
speed of sound = 343 m/sec)
•V=D 343 = 80 343T = 80
T T 343 343
T = .23 seconds
38
Speed of Sound
• A lightening bolt flashes in the distance
and 5 seconds later you hear the clash
of thunder. How far away was the
lightening? (Speed of sounds = 343
m/sec)
39
Speed of Sound
• A lightening bolt flashes in the distance
and 5 seconds later you hear the clash
of thunder. How far away was the
lightening? (Speed of sounds = 343
m/sec)
•V=D 343 = D D = 1715 m
T 5
40
Speed of Light
• Light from the sun is traveling at a
speed of 186,000 miles/sec. It takes
light 8 minutes to reach the Earth.
Calculate the distance from the Earth to
the sun.
41
Speed of Light
• Light from the sun is traveling at a
speed of 186,000 miles/sec. It takes
light 8 minutes to reach the Earth.
Calculate the distance from the Earth to
the sun.
•V=D 186,000 = D
T 480
D = 89,280,000 miles