20 C:th

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE American Rule:
 islands ceded to America, as a
result of Spanish war with USA
20th C:
MODERN INFLUENCES  fighting
 self-government
history of architecture

ISLAMIC A. HISTORY
Japanese Invasion:
CHINESE  December 1941
Pre-Colonial:  puppet government
JAPANESE  immigrants of Malay origin, food
 liberation by Gen. McArthur in
gatherers and hunters
INDIAN July 1945
 3000 BC, joined by advanced
FILIPINO agricultural race from Indonesia
independence in 1946
 barangays as tribal system
 converted to Islam in 1300 AD
3rd largest English-speaking
 trade center of the Orient
country in the world
citadel of Christianity and
Spanish Rule:
democracy in East Asia
 1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed
mixture of races: Malay, Chinese,
 1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
Spanish
brought Christianity
 until 1900's
B. RELIGION
 nationalist movement by Jose
Rizal, unsuccessful revolt by  Roman Catholics
Aguinaldo  Islam
 Protestants
 Aglipayan
 Iglesia ni Kristo
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mapua Institute of Architecture
ARCHITECTURAL (1925)
 1st school of Architecture
20th C:
MODERN CHARACTER Adamson University
 2nd school of Architecture
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
UST College of Architecture (1930)
CHINESE
A. DESCRIPTION  3rd school of architecture

JAPANESE  tropical architecture ORGANIZATIONS:

 open and transparent
INDIAN
 light Philippine Architects Society
FILIPINO Philippine Institute of Architects
SCHOOLS: League of Philippine Architects
Association of Phil. Government
Escuela Practica Y Profecional de Architects
Artes Oficio de Manila (1890) PIA + LPA + APGA = United
 taught maestros de obras Architects of the Philippines
Liceo de Manila
 MO-P “Maestros de Obra-Practica” EXAMPLES
 MO-A “Maestros de Obra-
Academia” PRE-SPANISH HOUSES

Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura  Bahay Kubo style of dwelling

 closed after one year  well- adapted to tropical climate
 of wood, bamboo, and palm
leaves
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region  Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN
Isneg Kalinga Badjao Samal
FILIPINO

Yakan Maranao
Bontoc Ifugao  Island of Panay

Kankanai Bahay Kubo

Ivatan, Mangyan, Subanun, Mandaya
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN ISNEG BINURON
homes of the Isneg boatpeople
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
pyramidal or hipped roof
CHINESE
annex on one or both ends
JAPANESE
removable sidings for special
INDIAN
occasions
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN ISNEG BINURON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN ISNEG BINURON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN KALINGA BINAYON
octagonal or rectangular
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE painted round human figures

roof ridge perpendicular to river
JAPANESE
loft or granary hides roof
INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN KALINGA BINAYON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN KALINGA BINAYON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE
house within a house
shelter for rice, chickens,
JAPANESE
pigs, and people
INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN IFUGAO
built on the rice terraces
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
near a spring or grove
CHINESE
entry faces down slope
JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN IFUGAO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
Similar to the ifugao house
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
ridge parallel to front
CHINESE
made of narra or pine
JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Cordillera Region
20th C:
MODERN KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN BADJAO
ladder serves as wash area
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
mirrors symbolize the
CHINESE
number of children
JAPANESE
lipa, djenging, and dapang
INDIAN
houseboats
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN BADJAO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN SAMAL HOUSE

history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN SAMAL HOUSE

history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN SAMAL HOUSE

history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN YAKAN HOUSE

elevated 2 to 3 meters
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
above ground
CHINESE
kitchen annex
JAPANESE
door faces east
INDIAN
rooms and steps are odd
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th

MODERN YAKAN HOUSE

history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th MARANAO TOROGAN
MODERN House built for sultans and datus
Arranged in a line along the river
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground
CHINESE Windows face front and right
Panolong and okir carvings
JAPANESE A lamin or tower built atop the
INDIAN
torogan hides the sultan’s
daughter
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:th
MARANAO TOROGAN
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Island of Panay
20 C:th

MODERN BAHAY KUBO

bamboo house on stilts
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE home to an extended family

JAPANESE
often surrounded by a garden

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Island of Panay
20 C:th

MODERN BAHAY KUBO

history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Island of Panay
20 C:th

MODERN BAHAY KUBO

history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Calasiao, Pangasinan
 2nd best bell tower
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
 by Fr. Ramon Dalinao
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte
 by Fr. Joseph Ruiz
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
 sinking belltower
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Las Pinas Church
 by Fr. Diego Cera
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Loboc, Bohol
 biggest number of murals on
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
walls and ceilings
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Manila Cathedral
 by Bishop Domingo Salazar
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo
 by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Morong Church, Rizal
 Spanish Baroque style
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
 by Fr. Blas dela Madre
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Panay Church
largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
donated by townspeople
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Quiapo Church
restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Maria Zaragosa
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN San Agustin Church
by Fr. Juan Macias
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN San Sebastian
one of first steel buildings
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
steel from Belgium by Eiffel
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Taal Church, Batangas
by Fr. Martin Aguirre
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
biggest church
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Sta. Ana Church, Manila
by Fr. Vicente Ingles
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
restored by Juan Nakpil
CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
20th C:
MODERN Sto. Nino, Cebu
by Diego de Herrera
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Vigan Houses
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST  Antillan Houses
20th C:  Ivatan Houses
MODERN
San Agustin, Intramuros
Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo PARTS
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
San Agustin, Paoay, Ilocos Norte
CHINESE Sta. Monica, Ilocos Sur FIRST FLOOR:
JAPANESE Zaguan, for caroza
Quadra, horse stable
INDIAN SPANISH HOUSES: BAHAY-NA- Bodega, storeroom
BATO
FILIPINO
SECOND FLOOR:
evolved from the Bahay Kubo: Stairway
 tropical house Caida, ante-sala from stairs
 steep, hip roof Sala, living room
 post and lintel construction Comedor, dining room
 light and airy structure Cocina, kitchen
 elevated living quarters Dispensa, pantry
 economy of materials Letrina or Comun, toilet
 space flowing from one room to Baño, bath
next Azotea, open terrace
Aljibe, water cistern
Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic, Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio
and Baroque influence: Entresuelo, vault
 grandeur and solidity Balcon, balcony
 ornamentation Patio, courtyard
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
20th C: Unosinotra, alternate/staggered Kapatas, foreman
MODERN Liyabe, anchor Balangkas, framework
Batidura, astragal Dos Aguas, gable roof
history of architecture

ISLAMIC Medya Agua, awning Kuling, girder

CHINESE Barandillas, baluster Sepo, girt
Rodapis, baseboard Canal, groove
JAPANESE Tirante, bottom chord Alulod o Kanal, gutter
Pie de Gallo, brace Caida, hall
INDIAN
Ladrillo, brick Bisagra, hinge
FILIPINO Kostilyahe, ceiling joists Pulgada, inches
Sinturon, collar Pendulum, king post
Larga Masa, concrete slab Piyon, laborer
Escondro, crushed stone Asinta, laying of CHB
Abang, dowel Sibe, lean-to roof
Tubo de Banada, downspout Dulang, low table
Escombro, earth fill Kantero, Mason
Alero, eaves Kanto Mesa, miter
Tabike, exterior siding Paupo, mortar
Piye, feet Kostura, mortar joints
Batidura, fillet Estanyo, Nikolite bar
Dotal, floorboards Truerka, nut
Soleras, floor joists Estopa, oakum
Guililan, floor sill De Bandeha, panel door
Suelo, flooring Lingueta, GI strap
Alahado, flush Tapon, plug
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
20th C: Hulog, plumb bob
MODERN Bolado, projection
Reostra, purlins
history of architecture
ISLAMIC Masilya, putty
CHINESE Media Cana, quarter round
Vaciada, rabbet
JAPANESE Kabilya, reinforcing bars
Kaballete, ridge roll
INDIAN
Takip Silipan, riser
FILIPINO Rimatse, rivets
Lastillas, sand and gravel
Andanyo, scaffolding
Rebokada, scratch coat
Dutcha, shower
Prigadero, sink
Krokis, sketch plan
Estanyo, soldering bar
Biento, spacing
Staka, stake
Madre de Escalera, closed
stringer
Trabe Anzo, horizontal stud
Pilarete, vertical stud
Latero, tinsmith
Baytang, tread
Pergola, trellis
Kilo, truss
Asolehos, wainscoting tiles
Bagad, wall post
Pitsa, washer
Pasamano, window sill
Poleya, wiring knob
Haspe, wood grain
Tabla, wood plank
Plantsuela, wrought iron strap
Palitada, plaster
Kalinya, aligned
Trankilya, barrel bolt
Biga, beam
Hiero, iron
Kisame, ceiling
Baral de Kadena, chain bolt
Poste, column
Kontratista, constructor
Kanto, corner
Dish rack, bangguerahan
Sumbrero Pintuan, door head
Hamba Pintuan, door jamb
Senepa, fascia board
Tambak, fill
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
AMERICAN PERIOD National Museum
20th C:  1st was the Legislative Building
MODERN
Early American Period
Intendencia Building
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
 adjacent to Manila Cathedral
Notable architects:
CHINESE
Daniel Burnham Luneta Hotel
JAPANESE  2nd hotel in Asia
 city plan of Manila and Baguio
 French Baroque style
INDIAN William Parsons
Juan Arellano
FILIPINO
Tomas Mapua Army and Navy Club
 1st registered architect in  rest and recreation for American
country soldiers
Alejandro Legardo
Antonio Toledo De La Salle College
 by Tomas Mapua
Carlos Barredo
Rizal Monument
 obelisk
Masonic Temple, Escolta
 1st concrete building in Escolta
Sta. Isabel College
Philippine Normal School
 Phil. Normal University

University of the Philippines

 Padre Faura
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
UST Main Building
Manila Hotel by Roque Rueno
 1st hotel in Asia
 1st with elevator
 renovated by Locsin in 1975

Philippine General Hospital Post Office Building

 by William Parsons by Juan Arellano
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE Ideal Theater, Avenida Rizal
 by Pablo Antonio
AMERICAN PERIOD
20th C: Jai Alai Building
MODERN Commonwealth Period  demolished in 2001
 Art Deco, streamline style
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Notable architects:
CHINESE Ambassador Hotel
Juan Nakpil  by Fernando Ocampo
JAPANESE  1st National Artist for Arch.  1st skyscraper in the country (4
INDIAN Pablo Antonio storeys)
 2nd National Artist for Arch.
FILIPINO Enrique Bautista Syquia Apartments, Malate
Gonzalo Barreto  by Pablo Antonio
Fernando Ocampo Natividad Building, Escolta
Andres Luna y San Pedro  by Andres Luna y San Pedro
Leandro Locsin Regina Building, Escolta
 3rd National Artist for Arch.  by Andres Luna y San Pedro

Agriculture & Finance Building

Crystal Arcade, Escolta

Quezon Institute
 By Juan Nakpil

Lyric Theater, Escolta

 By Juan Nakpil FEU Main Building
 by Pablo Antonio
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN
Metropolitan Theater
FILIPINO

The Iglesia Ni Cristo Cathedrals

by Carlos Santos Viola

The Church of the Risen Lord, UP

by Cesar Concio
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN Philippine Heart Center

FILIPINO

The Meralco Building

by Jose Zaragoza The Quiapo Mosque

by Jorge Ramos
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO SM Megamall
by Antonio Sindiong

Robinson’s Galleria
by William Coscolluela
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN
The Central Bank of the
FILIPINO Philippines

Asian Institute of Management

The Quezon Monument
by Federico Ilustre by Gabriel Formoso
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice,

UP Diliman
FILIPINO

The New Istana, Brunei

The Philippine Stock Exchange

The Cultural Center of the
Philippines by Leandro Locsin
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

20th C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

The Enterprise RCBC Tower

GT Tower Robinson Summit