th

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
20 C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE American Rule:
 islands ceded to America, as
a result of Spanish war with USA

th
20 C:
MODERN INFLUENCES fighting
 self-government
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
A. HISTORY
Japanese Invasion:
CHINESE
Pre-Colonial:
 December 1941
 puppet government
JAPANES
 immigrants of Malay origin,  liberation by Gen. McArthur
E food gatherers and hunters
INDIAN  3000 BC, joined by advanced in July 1945
agricultural race from Indonesia
independence in 1946
FILIPINO  barangays as tribal system
 converted to Islam in 1300 AD
3rd largest English-speaking
 trade center of the Orient country in the world
citadel of Christianity and
Spanish Rule:
democracy in East Asia
 1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed
mixture of races: Malay,
 1564 Miguel Lopez de Chinese, Spanish
Legazpi brought Christianity
 until 1900's
B. RELIGION
 nationalist movement by  Roman Catholics
Jose Rizal, unsuccessful revolt
by Aguinaldo
 Islam
 Protestants
Aglipayan
 Iglesia ni Kristo
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Mapua Institute of
ARCHITECTURAL Architecture (1925)
th
20 C:
MODERN CHARACTER  st
1 school of
Architecture Adamson
University

history of architecture

ISLAMIC
2nd school of Architecture
CHINESE A. DESCRIPTION UST College of Architecture
(1930)
JAPANESE  tropical architecture 3 rd
school of architecture
INDIAN  open and transparent
 light ORGANIZATIONS:
FILIPINO
SCHOOLS: Philippine Architects Society
Philippine Institute of Architects
Escuela Practica Y Profecional League of Philippine Architects
de Artes Oficio de Manila (1890) Association of Phil. Government
 taught maestros de obras Architects
PIA + LPA + APGA = United
Liceo de Manila Architects of the Philippines
 MO-P “Maestros de Obra-Practica”
 MO-A “Maestros de EXAMPLES
Obra-Academia”
PRE-SPANISH HOUSES
Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura
 closed after one year
 Bahay Kubo style of dwelling
 well- adapted to tropical climate

w
o
o
d
,
b
a
m
b
o
o
,
a
n
d
p
a
l
m
l
e
a
v
e
s
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

th
20 C: Cordillera Region  Mindanao & Sulu Region
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

E
Isneg Kalinga Badjao Sama
INDIAN
l
FILIPINO

Yakan Maranao
Bontoc Ifugao 
Island of Panay

Kankanai Bahay

Iva
tan,
Man
gya
n,
Sub
anu
n,
Man
daya
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN ISNEG BINURON
homes of the Isneg boatpeople
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE
pyramidal or hipped roof

JAPANESE
annex on one or both ends
removable sidings for special
INDIAN
occasions
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN
ISNEG BINURON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN
ISNEG BINURON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN KALINGA BINAYON octagonal
or rectangular painted round
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE human figures roof ridge

JAPANESE perpendicular to river loft or

INDIAN granary hides roof

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN KALINGA BINAYON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN KALINGA BINAYON
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE house within a house

JAPANESE shelter for rice, chickens,

INDIAN
pigs, and people

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN BONTOC HOUSES
SAGADA
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN IFUGAO
built on the rice terraces
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE near a spring or grove

JAPANESE
entry faces down slope

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN IFUGAO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
Similar to the ifugao
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE house ridge parallel to

JAPANESE
front made of narra or pine

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Cordillera Region
20 C:
MODERN KANKANAI BINANGIYAN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN BADJAO
ladder serves as wash
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE
area mirrors symbolize the
number of children lipa,
JAPANESE
djenging, and dapang
INDIAN
houseboats
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN BADJAO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN SAMAL HOUSE
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN SAMAL HOUSE
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN SAMAL HOUSE
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN YAKAN HOUSE
elevated 2 to 3 meters
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE
above ground
kitchen annex
JAPANESE
door faces east
INDIAN
rooms and steps are odd
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN YAKAN HOUSE
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN MARANAO TOROGAN
House built for sultans and datus
history of architecture

ISLAMIC Arranged in a line along the river

Elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground
CHINESE
Windows face front and right
JAPANESE Panolong and okir carvings
A lamin or tower built atop the
INDIAN
torogan hides the sultan’s daughter
FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Mindanao & Sulu Region
20 C:
MODERN
MARANAO TOROGAN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Island of Panay
20 C:
MODERN BAHAY KUBO
bamboo house on stilts home
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE to an extended family often

JAPANESE surrounded by a garden

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Island of Panay
20 C:
MODERN BAHAY KUBO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
 Island of Panay
20 C:
MODERN BAHAY KUBO
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Calasiao, Pangasinan
 2nd best bell tower
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
 by Fr. Ramon Dalinao
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte
 by Fr. Joseph Ruiz
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
 sinking belltower
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Las Pinas Church
 by Fr. Diego Cera
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Loboc, Bohol

history of architecture

ISLAMIC biggest number of murals

on walls and ceilings
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Manila Cathedral
 by Bishop Domingo Salazar
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo
 by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Morong Church, Rizal
 Spanish Baroque style
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
 by Fr. Blas dela Madre
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Panay Church
largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
donated by townspeople
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Quiapo Church
restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Maria Zaragosa
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN San Agustin Church
by Fr. Juan Macias
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN San Sebastian
one of first steel buildings
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
steel from Belgium by Eiffel
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Taal Church, Batangas
by Fr. Martin Aguirre
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
biggest church
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Sta. Ana Church, Manila
by Fr. Vicente Ingles
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
restored by Juan Nakpil
CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH CHURCHES
th
20 C:
MODERN Sto. Nino, Cebu
by Diego de Herrera
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
 Vigan Houses
th UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST  Antillan Houses
20 C:
MODERN
 Ivatan Houses
San Agustin, Intramuros
history of architecture

ISLAMIC Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo PARTS

CHINESE
San Agustin, Paoay, Ilocos Norte
Sta. Monica, Ilocos Sur FIRST FLOOR:
JAPANES Zaguan, for caroza
E Quadra, horse stable
SPANISH HOUSES: BAHAY- Bodega, storeroom
INDIAN NA-BATO
FILIPINO
SECOND FLOOR:
evolved from the Bahay Kubo: Stairway
 tropical house Caida, ante-sala from stairs
 steep, hip roof Sala, living room
 post and lintel construction Comedor, dining room
 light and airy structure Cocina, kitchen
 elevated living quarters Dispensa, pantry
 economy of materials Letrina or Comun, toilet
 space flowing from one room Baño, bath
Azotea, open terrace
to next
Aljibe, water cistern
Spanish, Neo-Classical, Cuarto, Alcoba,
Gothic, and Baroque influence: Dormitorio Entresuelo,
 grandeur and solidity vault Balcon, balcony
 ornamentation Patio, courtyard
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
th
20 C: Unosinotra, alternate/staggered
MODERN Liyabe, anchor
Batidura, astragal
history of architecture
ISLAMIC
Medya Agua, awning
CHINESE Barandillas, baluster
Rodapis, baseboard
JAPANESE
Tirante, bottom chord
INDIAN Pie de Gallo, brace
Ladrillo, brick
FILIPINO Kostilyahe, ceiling joists
Sinturon, collar
Larga Masa, concrete slab
Escondro, crushed stone
Abang, dowel
Tubo de Banada, downspout
Escombro, earth fill
Alero, eaves
Tabike, exterior siding
Piye, feet
Batidura, fillet
Dotal, floorboards
Soleras, floor joists
Guililan, floor sill
Suelo, flooring
Alahado, flush
Kapatas, foreman
Balangkas, framework
Dos Aguas, gable roof
Kuling, girder
Sepo, girt
Canal, groove
Alulod o Kanal, gutter
Caida, hall
Bisagra, hinge
Pulgada, inches
Pendulum, king post
Piyon, laborer Asinta,
laying of CHB Sibe,
lean-to roof Dulang,
low table Kantero,
Mason Kanto Mesa,
miter Paupo, mortar
Kostura, mortar joints
Estanyo, Nikolite bar
Truerka, nut Estopa,
oakum
De Bandeha, panel door
Lingueta, GI strap
Tapon, plug
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:
th
20 C: Hulog, plumb bob
MODERN Bolado, projection
Reostra, purlins
history of architecture
ISLAMIC
Masilya, putty
CHINESE Media Cana, quarter round
Vaciada, rabbet
JAPANESE
Kabilya, reinforcing bars
INDIAN Kaballete, ridge roll
Takip Silipan, riser
FILIPINO Rimatse, rivets
Lastillas, sand and gravel
Andanyo, scaffolding
Rebokada, scratch coat
Dutcha, shower
Prigadero, sink
Krokis, sketch plan
Estanyo, soldering bar
Biento, spacing
Staka, stake
Madre de Escalera, closed
stringer
Trabe Anzo, horizontal stud
Pilarete, vertical stud
Latero, tinsmith
Baytang, tread
Pergola, trellis
Kilo, truss
Asolehos, wainscoting tiles
Bagad, wall post
Pitsa, washer
Pasamano, window sill
Poleya, wiring knob
Haspe, wood grain
Tabla, wood plank
Plantsuela, wrought iron strap
Palitada, plaster
Kalinya, aligned
Trankilya, barrel bolt
Biga, beam
Hiero, iron
Kisame, ceiling
Baral de Kadena, chain
bolt Poste, column
Kontratista, constructor
Kanto, corner
Dish rack, bangguerahan
Sumbrero Pintuan, door head
Hamba Pintuan, door jamb
Senepa, fascia board
Tambak, fill
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
AMERICAN PERIOD National Museum
th
20 C:  1st was the Legislative Building
MODERN
Early American Period
Intendencia Building
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Notable architects:  adjacent to Manila Cathedral
CHINESE

JAPANES Daniel Burnham Luneta Hotel


E  city plan of Manila and
2nd hotel in Asia
 French Baroque style
Baguio William Parsons
INDIAN Juan Arellano
Tomas Mapua Army and Navy Club
FILIPINO
 st
1 registered architect  rest and recreation for
in country American soldiers
Alejandro Legardo
Antonio Toledo De La Salle College
Carlos Barredo  by Tomas Mapua

Rizal Monument
Masonic Temple, Escolta  obelisk

1 st
concrete building in Escolta
Sta. Isabel College
Philippine Normal School
 Phil. Normal University

University of the Philippines

 Padre Faura
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO UST Main Building

Manila Hotel by Roque Rueno
 1st hotel in Asia
 1st with elevator
 renovated by Locsin in 1975

Philippine General Hospital Post Office Building

 by William Parsons by Juan Arellano
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE Ideal Theater, Avenida Rizal
 by Pablo Antonio
AMERICAN PERIOD
th
20 C: Jai Alai Building
MODERN Commonwealth Period  demolished in 2001
Art Deco, streamline style
history of architecture

ISLAMIC
Notable architects:
CHINESE
Ambassador Hotel
JAPANES Juan Nakpil  by Fernando Ocampo
E
 1 National Artist for
st
 1st skyscraper in the
Arch. Pablo Antonio country (4 storeys)
INDIAN  2 National Artist for
nd

Arch. Enrique Bautista Syquia Apartments, Malate

FILIPINO Gonzalo Barreto
Fernando Ocampo
 by Pablo Antonio
Natividad Building, Escolta
Andres Luna y San
Pedro Leandro Locsin
 by Andres Luna y San
Pedro Regina Building, Escolta
3 rd
National Artist for Arch.  by Andres Luna y San Pedro
Agriculture & Finance Building

Crystal Arcade, Escolta

Quezon Institute
 By Juan Nakpil

Lyric Theater, Escolta

 By Juan Nakpil FEU Main Building
 by Pablo Antonio
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN Metropolitan Theater

FILIPINO

The Iglesia Ni Cristo Cathedrals

by Carlos Santos Viola

The Church of the Risen Lord, UP

by Cesar Concio
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

E
Philippine Heart Center
INDIAN

FILIPINO

The Meralco Building

by Jose Zaragoza
The Quiapo Mosque

by Jorge Ramos
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE
history of architecture

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO
SM Megamall
by Antonio Sindiong

Robinson’s Galleria
by William Coscolluela
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE
JAPANESE
history of architecture

INDIAN
The Central Bank of the Philippines
FILIPINO

Asian Institute of Management

The Quezon Monument
by Federico Ilustre by Gabriel Formoso
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

E
The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice,
INDIAN UP Diliman
FILIPINO

The New Istana, Brunei

The Philippine Stock Exchange

The Cultural Center of the by Leandro Locsin
Philippines
 FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
th
20 C:
EXAMPLES
MODERN
history of architecture

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANES

INDIAN

FILIPINO

The Enterprise RCBC Tower

GT Tower Robinson Summit