Chapter 5 Water and Solution

5.1 Physical Characteristics of

Water
 5.1 Physical Characteristics of Water

• Boiling point = 100oC

• Freezing point = 0oC
• Colourless
• Density = 1 gcm-3 or 1 g/cm3
 • Water has high surface tension

• Result of cohesive force between the

molecules of water at the surface that allows
insects tostay afloat on water.
Water has high surface tension
Example 1

• Floating paper clip made of steel with copper

plating. The high surface tension helps the paper
clip - with much higher density - float on the
water. Credit: Armin Kübelbeck.
Example 2
Capillary action in plant
Example 3: Capillary action in plant
Cohesive force between water molecules and adhesive
force between water molecules and the cell walls of xylem
allow water to be drawn up from the roots to the leaves of
plants.
• Credit: Eileen Straiton, Little Acorn Learning
3 states of water
 Composition of water
• Water is a compound which is made up of
oxygen and hydrogen that combine
chemically.
 Act. 5.2 Electrolysis (p.98)

• KBSM Courseware CD6 Lesson 65

• http://spp.moe.edu.my/1/bpkcourseware/F2S
cience_8CD/F2Science_CD6/topics.html
 Videoclips
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFR9zUG
t2C4&index=3&list=PLQ7A4rXTlgfzM3xp2Ntqi
S6lWejlTd8_t&t=135s
Electrolysis experiment
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJNEsTD3
b64&index=3&list=PLQ7A4rXTlgfzM3xp2NtqiS
6lWejlTd8_t
Electrolysis animation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ9Fhd7
P_HA&index=1&list=PLQ7A4rXTlgfzM3xp2Ntqi
S6lWejlTd8_t
 Effects of impurities on the physical
characteristics of water
Impurities in water can change the
physical characteristics of water
For example, the presence of salt in sea
water causes it to have a salty taste
The sea water also has a freezing point
lower than 0OC and a boiling point higher
than 100OC due to the dissolved minerals
in it
 Act. 5.3 (p.99-100)
http://spp.moe.edu.my/1/bpkcourseware/F2Sci
ence_8CD/F2Science_CD5/topics.html

KBSM Courseware CD5 Lesson 64 No.8 and 9

 Effect of adding table salt on the melting
point of ice
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkhWV2u
aHaA
How Does Salt Melt Ice?
Effect of adding table salt on the boiling point
of water
 Evaporation of water
• Evaporation is a process that
happens at the surface of water
which changes water into water
vapour. This happens at any
temperature below boiling point.
 Experiment 5.1 (p.101-103)
• KBSM Courseware CD6 Lesson 66
• http://spp.moe.edu.my/1/bpkcourseware/F2S
cience_8CD/F2Science_CD6/topics.html
Four factors affecting the rate of evaporation
of water
• Humidity
• Surrounding temperature
• Exposed surface of water
• Movement of air
 Applications of the evaporation of water in
daily life
• Drying the clothes
• Drying of hair by hair dryer
• Preservation of agriculture products, such as
coco and coconut
• For processing of food, such as drying salts fish
and obtaining salts