Sampling Distribution and

Interval Estimation for

Proportion of success

Dr. T. T. Kachwala

1
Revision of Proportion of success

The term “success” signifies occurrence of an event or

alternately success signifies observation of a
characteristics either in a sample or in a population.

For example: In a research involving rare disease

observing an individual with a rare disease may be termed
a success and not observing an individual with rare disease
may be termed a failure.

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Revision of Binomial Distribution

a
p
n

P(r)  n C r p r q n  r

Mean Number of success = n p

Standard Deviation Number of success  npq

Mean Proportion of success = p

pq
Standard Deviation Proportion of success 
n

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Normal Distribution as an approximation of
Binomial Distribution

Statisticians recommend that in estimation of Proportion of success, n be

large enough for both np and nq to be at least 5 when you use Normal
Distribution as a substitute for the Binomial Distribution.

The following is the suggested procedure:

1. Mean μ = n p

2. Standard Deviation   npq

3. Cumulative correction factor (Xmin – 0.5, Xmax + 0.5)

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Sampling Distribution of Proportion of success

For proportion of success {n should be large}: If we select a number of

samples (n) from population and for each of the sample we obtain the
number of favorable cases (a), then we can calculate proportion of
success p  a n for each sample.

The probability distribution for sample statistic p approximates a

uniform symmetrical bell shaped curve according to central limit
theorem in statistics. This distribution is referred as Sampling
distribution for proportion of success with the following characteristics:
1
Mean of sampling distribution of Proportion of success = μ p  n   n p   p

μ p is the mean of the Sampling distribution of the Proportion of success

p is the mean of the Population distribution of the Proportion of success

μp  p 5
 Sampling Distribution of Proportion of success

The standard Deviation of the sampling distribution for the Proportion of success

σp 
1
n

npq   pq
n

The standard Deviation of the sampling distribution for the Proportion of success
is also called standard error of the proportion of success

pq
ˆ p  ( ˆ p is the estimator of σ p)
n

Standardizing Proportion of success p

p-p
z
p
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Estimation of Population Proportion of success

Interval estimates of the proportion of success

The proportion of units that have a particular characteristics in a given
p
population is symbolized ‘p’ and that in a sample is symbolized ‘ ’

P (Population Proportion of Success)

p (Sample Proportion of Success)

We can use p as an estimator of p and it can be shown that p has all the
desirable properties of an estimator. In particular, p is an unbiased and
efficient estimator of p.

The interval estimate (confidence interval) is given for Proportion of success by p  z  p

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 Thank you

Dr. T. T. Kachwala