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Engineering Drawing For Beginners 1

Mohammad Afzal Hossain

4th year student of Mechanical Engineering
Email: Afzalhstu.me@gmail.com

Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

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Contents 2

• Types of Drawing
• Types of Engineering Drawing
• Common Geometric Symbols
• DIMENSIONING
• PROJECTION
• Arrangement of Views
• SECTIONING
• Design Documentation
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INTRODUCTION 3
Drawing
The graphical representation of any object or idea can be termed as drawing. A drawing can be prepared either using free hand
or using engineering instruments or using computer program(CAD).

Types of Drawing
1. Artistic Drawing.
2. Engineering Drawing.

Artistic Drawing
The drawing representing any object or idea which is sketched in free hand using imagination of artist and in which proper
scaling and dimensioning is not maintained is called an artistic drawing. Example: Painting, Posters,
Arts etc.

Engineering Drawing
It is used by engineers and technologists. An engineering drawing provides all information about size, shape, surface type,
materials etc. of the object.
Example: Building drawing for civil engineers, Machine drawing for mechanical engineers, Circuit diagrams for electrical
and electronics engineers, computer graphics for one and all etc.
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INTRODUCTION 4

Types of Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing can be grouped into following 4 major categories:
1. Geometrical Drawing
a. Plane geometrical drawing
b. Solid geometrical drawing
2. Mechanical Engineering Drawing
3. Civil Engineering Drawing
4. Electrical & Electronics Engineering drawing etc.
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Common Geometric Symbols used in Engineering Drawing 5

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DIMENSIONING 6
The purpose of dimensioning is to provide a clear and complete
description of an object.
Elements of Dimension System
 Extension lines
 Dimension lines
 Arrowheads
 Leaders
 Texts, numbers and symbols.

Purpose of Dimensioning
 Sizes and locations of features
 Material’s type
 Number required
 Kind of surface finish
 Manufacturing process
 Size and geometric tolerance
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PROJECTION 7
Orthographic Projection
'ORTHO' means right angle and orthographic means right angled
drawing. When the projectors are perpendicular to the plane on which
the projection is obtained, it is known as orthographic projection.
Following six views are possible in orthographic projection of a solid
object.
a. Top View
b. Front view
c. Left View
d. Right View
e. Rear view
f. Bottom view

Perspective Projection
It is a type of pictorial projection in which projectors are not parallel to
each other and they occur at an angle to the picture plane in such a way
that they converge to a point as if an observer sees the view on the
picture plane from that point. In case of perspective projection observer
is considered to be at finite distance where in case of any other type of
projection observer is considered to be at infinity.
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PROJECTION 8
The Glass Box Method
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Arrangement of Views 9
Orthographic views are arranged in two techniques as
a. 1st angle projection (Used in European countries; ISO standard) also known as British system
b. 3rd angle projection (Used in Bangladesh, Canada, USA, Japan, Thailand) also known as American system.
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Arrangement of Views 10
Orthographic Projections of Hidden Surfaces
To describe an object with complex internal features completely, a drawing should contain lines representing all the edges,
intersections, and surface limits of the objects.
To represent curved surfaces in orthographic projections, center lines are commonly utilized. All the center lines are the
axes of symmetry.
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SECTIONING 11

A sectional view is a view of an imaginary surface, exposed by an imaginary slicing-open of an object, allowing
interior details to become visible. A sectional view is sometimes referred to as a cross section or simply section. It is a
view in which all or a substantial portion of the view is sectioned.
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SECTIONING 12
Cutting Plane
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SECTIONING 13
Full Section
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SECTIONING 14
Offset Section
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SECTIONING 15
Half Section
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SECTIONING 16
Broken out Section
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SECTIONING 17
Revolved Section
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SECTIONING 18
Removed Section
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Design Documentation 19

A design document is a complete high-

level solution to the problem presented.

The Mechanical design document is a

technical document describing the
components and specifications required to
support the solution and ensure that the
specific business and technical
requirements of the design are satisfied.

Mohammad Afzal Hossain

ID 1607420
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Design Documentation 20
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Design Documentation 21
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Design Documentation 22
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Design Documentation 23
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Design Documentation 24
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Design Documentation 25
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References 26

• https://hub.packtpub.com/design-documentation/
• Dr. Amalesh Chandra Mandal, Dr. Md. Quamrul Islam, Mechanical Engineering Drawing, 2007, 1st edition
.,Dhaka – Associate Printing Press.
• Md. Roknuzzaman, Dept. of Civil Engineering, HSTU, Engineering Drawing for beginners
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Thanks