How to create a

Bibliography:
using the APA Referencing Style
What is a Bibliography?
? 

A Bibliography is a list of all material used

in the preparation of your assignment. It is
usually in alphabetical order of author's
surname. If a resource has no author, list it
in alphabetical order by the first 3 letters of
the title, ignoring the words A, and The at
the beginning of a title.  
Hints
Remember to write down the bibliographic
:

details of a resource as you use it. Don't

wait until the end of the assignment, when
you have returned some of the resources,
and think 'which book did I use? Where is
it?' 
 
What bibliographic details do
I need to reference different
types of resources?
Book

Author's surname, author's initial.

Publication date (in brackets).
Title – italics.
Place of publication: Publisher.

•
Kourik, R. (2010). The lavender garden. San Francisco: Chronicle Books

•
 
Book chapter
Author's surname, author's initial – of chapter
Publication date (in brackets).
Title of chapter
Author's surname, author's initial – of book
Title of book – italics.
Pages of chapter
Place of publication: Publisher.

•
Prinze, T.P. (2001). Colours of the rainbow. In F.M. Hood & T.S. Center
(Eds.). Colour spectrums. (pp. 74-85). New York, NY: Scott Press.
•
 
Journal article
•
Author surname, Initial
•
 Publication date - in brackets
•
 Title of article',
•
 Title of periodical - italics,
•
 Volume,
•
 Number in brackets
•
 Page number

•
Smith, M., & Brown, L. (2010). A look at gaming in education. Schools
and Education, 12(6), 123-134.
   
 
Electronic journal article
from online database
•
Author surname, Initial
•
 Publication date - in brackets
•
 Title of article',
•
 Title of periodical - italics,
•
 Volume,
•
 Number in brackets
•
 Page number
•
. Retrieved from – URL of online database

•
Baker, V., Smiths, K., & Dodd, Y. (2010). Changing careers in mid stream. Australian
Journal of Careers, 23(4), 19–25. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/  
 
Newspaper article

Author surname, Initial.

Publication date - in brackets
Title of article',
Title of newspaper - italics,
Page number.

Shaw, P. (2011, May 12). Mining shares drop, The Australian, p.12. 
Encyclopedia article
Author's surname, author's initial – of article
Publication date (in brackets).
Title of article.
Volume number and pages of encyclopedia
Place of publication: Publisher

•
Barker, D. (2007). Tiger cubs. In International encyclopedia of animals. (Vol.
3, pp. 22-27). New York: N.Y.: Notable Press.
Audio Visual Material
•
Surname and initials of producer
. Surname and initials of writer/director
•
Production date (in brackets)
•
Title in italics
•
Media type in square brackets
•
Place of production
•
Studio name
Movie: Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000).
You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
DVD: same as above but [DVD] in square brackets
TV program: Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The
MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington,
DC: Public Broadcasting Service.
Webpage with an author
 

. Author surname and initials

•
 Date webpage created – in brackets . Hint: you will find this at the bottom
of the page
•
 Title of web page in italics
•
 Retrieved and date retrieved
•
 from full URL 

•
Luikkonen ,P. (2008). Roald Dahl (1916-1990). Retrieved October 2, 2011,
from http://kirjasto.sci.fi/rdahl.htm

     
•
    
Webpage with no author
 

. Title of webpage in italics

•
 Date webpage created (in brackets) Hint: you will find this at the bottom
of the page
•
 Retrieved and date retrieved
•
 from full URL 

•
Roald Dahl. (2011)  Retrieved October 2, 2011, from
http://www.roalddahl.com/.
•

     
•
    
Personal communication
Forms of personal communication include letters, telephone
conversations, personal interviews and e-mail messages.
These are not included in your bibliography as they cannot be traced by
the reader.
You should refer to your source in the text of your assignment (in-text
referencing).
•
Examples: 
•
D. Scott reported that 111 mm of rain fell in Turramurra yesterday.
(personal communication, October 10, 2010)
. …races. (S.Smith, personal communication, May 24, 2011)...