Corruption

Made by: Dima Al Chami

Ali Zein
Ahmad Haidar
Aref Hamad
Carl Arayes
 Corruption

• Corruption is commonly defined as the abuse of public or corporate

office for private gain. It is present in all countries of the world and is
classified into different types.
Types of corruption
• Grand corruption

• Political corruption

• Corporate corruption

• Administrative corruption

• Petty corruption

• Systemic corruption
Civil Engineering Has Five Main
Environmental Areas
Geotech and Materials
Structural
Transportation
Water Resources
What do civil engineers do?
Water
Roads Bridges Treatment
& Supply

Waste Wastewater
Management Design Critical Infrastructure treatment &
Systems Disposal

Airports Railroads Buildings

Why is civil engineering important?
• Keeps people safe
• Buildings that don’t collapse
• Water that won’t make you sick
• Transportation systems that minimize hazards
• Environment free of harmful pollutants
• Provides infrastructure that improves economy and life-style
• Transportation of people and goods
• Productive work spaces (buildings)
• Healthy water to drink and air to breathe
How and why Civil Engineers should fight against corruption:

A Civil Engineer should:

- Perform the highest level of integrity and honesty.

- Protect the public health, safety and welfare.

- Recognize that people’s lives depend upon his judgments.

- Improve the environment and enhance the quality of life.

- Present information to the proper authority and offer his help in case of violation.

- Perform in areas of his competence by accepting assignments when only qualified by

education and experience.

- Refuse to sign any engineering project where he lacks the proper knowledge.
- Be objective and truthful in all his acts and not participate in any untrue engineering statement.

- Not accept or give any gratuity.

- Work hard to build and merit his professional reputation.

- Be transparent and uphold professional honor.

- Seek knowledge and constant learning for him and his colleagues.

- Treat all persons fairly with dignity and respect.

Corruption can be fought by adherence to these highest principles of ethical conduct.

• • The construction sector shapes our present progressive world. It is
one of the most important industries in the world.
• • Civil engineers are mainly responsible for this sector.
• • Where this sector is the key for development for countries. But in
the same time it can be the destructive key for a country if it was used
in an improper way.

9
Definition Of Infrastructure:
• • It is the basic systems and services, such as transport and power
supplies, drainage systems, that a country or organization uses in
order to work effectively

10
Some types of corruption in inrastructres
projects:
• • Inappropriate project choice,
• • high prices,
• • poor quality,
• • excessive time and cost overruns,
• • inadequate maintenance,
• • and low returns,
• • And this all impact negatively on economic growth

11
Corruption of infrastructure
related to water projects
• Lesotho Highlands Water Project is one of the major widely known cases of
grand corruption.
• CE of the project was being bribed by more than 12 multinational firms.
• 750 million cubic meters of water per year.
• Lesotho’s foreign debt was covered by the expected income on payments for
water by South Africa.
• Bribes over USD 1 million over nine years was paid by these foreign
companies.
• Due to bribery the CE received 15 years in jail.
• Major international companies and their agents were also convicted
 Corruption of
transportation
infrastructure in Europe
 Costs of transportation corruption
 Can happen at any phase of the transportation investment cycle
Risks of transportation corruption
 Highest risk of corruption is present in public procurement (single bidding)
Countries And Corruption Firms:

17
Nigeria And Corruption
• According to world bank (1994), orruption in African nations'
infrastructure
• sector are related to irregular practices during procurement
processes by means of bid rigging and kickback
• According to Sorunke (2013) It was discovered that the main
condition to take a bid from the government, the president or the
minister should be paid bribery.

18
Nigeria and corruption:
• Also according to Awe 30 to 45% of the bid price should be paid as
bribery to win the bid.
• Niger Delta Development Commission, Founds that 46.8 of the
projects that was bided failed.

19
Lebanese infrastructure
• 50 million dollars
were spent from the
world bank to the
Lebanese for better
infrastructure.
Intelligent Transportation
System (ITS) has several
benefits
Corruption in Lebanon is spread upon all levels of the country
One of the main reasons for the wide spread of corruption in Lebanon
is nepotism
• Launching a wide awareness campaign
• Nominating new parliament members
• Autonomation
• Egovernance
• Higher salaries