The Skeletal System

Group 1 Chapter 15
Lesson 2
Kiersten Adams
Marianne Fritz
Heather Rawls
Christian Wilson
 Target Audience
• Fifth grade students
• Ages nine to eleven years old
 Functions of the Skeletal System

 Plays an important role in movement,

provides a strong, stable, and mobile
framework upon which the muscles act

 Supports and protects your organs

 Functions of the Skeletal System
 The principle storage center for the
body’s essential minerals
 Calcium
 Phosphorus
 Manufactures the body’s blood cells
 Red bone marrow produces millions of
blood cells each day
 Structure of the Skeleton
 Skeletal System is divided into two
main parts

Axial Skeleton:
Includes the 80 bones of the
skull, spine ribs and sternum
(breastbone)

Mainly used for protection

 Structure of the Skeleton
 Appendicular Skeleton:

Includes the 126 bones of the

shoulders, arms, hands, hips,
legs and feet

Bones are mainly used for

movement
 Types of Bones
 Long Bone: A bone with a
greater length than width;
curved for strength to hold up
the body
-Extremities

Short Bone: A bone that is as

broad as it is long
-Hands and Feet
 Types of Bones
 Flat Bone: Thin flat shape
that protects the organs
-Ribs and Skull

Irregular Bone:
Uncategorized shape
-Pelvis
 Major Bones of the Skeleton
 Skull
 Vertebrae
 Ribs
 Humerus
 Radius
 Ulna
 Metacarpals
 Major Bones of the Skeleton

 Pelvis
 Femur
 Tibia
 Fibula
 Tarsals
 Cartilage
The skeletal
system is made up
of not only bones
but cartilage, a
strong, flexible
connective tissue.
 Cartilage

 Cartilage serves many functions :

 Lines the surfaces of joints and
enables them to move smoothly
 Cushions joining vertebrae
 Supports the nose and ears
 Cartilage

Cartilage cells are replaced with

age by bone cells and minerals in a
process called Ossification.
 The process by which bone is
formed, renewed and repaired
 Joints
The point at which two bones meet
 Ball-and Socket Joints: Allows
the widest range of movement:
backwards, forwards, sideways
and circular
Shoulder and Hips

Pivot Joints: Bone projection allows rotation

First two vertebrae in the neck
 Joints
 Ellipsoidal Joints: Oval shaped
part that fits into a curved space,
allowing for all types of movement
except pivotal
Wrist
 Hinge Joints: Allows bending,
straightening, and rotating
Fingers
 Immoveable Joint: Does not
support any type of movement
Skull
 Joints

Ligament: Tough bands of

fibrous, slightly, elastic tissue that
bind the bone ends at the joint,
preventing excessive movement
Tendon: Fibrous cords that join
muscle to bone other muscles
Care of the Skeletal System
Nutrition
 Calcium:
essential for
building strong
bones
-Dairy Products
Care of the Skeleton System

 Phosphorous: combines with

calcium to give bones their firmness
- Sources include: milk, peas, beans, liver,
cottage cheese, broccoli, and whole
grains
Care of the Skeleton System

Exercise
 Regular physical activity, especially
weight bearing exercise increases
bone mass
 Promotes better circulation of blood,
increasing nourishment to your bones
 Problems of the Skeletal System

• Hairline Fractures: Incomplete; the

bone doesn’t break into two pieces
 Problems of the Skeletal System

• Transverse Fractures:
Complete break
 Problems of the Skeletal System

• Comminuted
Fractures: Shatters
bone into more than two
pieces
Problems of the Skeletal System
Problems of the Skeletal System

 A condition in which bone density

decreases, causing bones to become
brittle and easily fractured
 Women more vulnerable after
menopause
Problems of the Skeletal System

 Prevention:
Getting ample physical
exercise
Eating food rich in calcium
Problems of the Skeletal System

 Lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of

the spine
 Starts in childhood, easily seen when
growing ceases
 Most schools have scoliosis screening
programs
Problems of the Skeletal System

Treatment:
Exercise
Special brace
Surgery