EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BLENDED CONCRETE

IN R.C.C BEAM AND ITS BEHAVIOUR

PHASE-II
REVIEW-2

PROJECT DONE BY : GUIDED BY:

V.HEMAPRIYA , Dr K. JAGADEESAN.,Ph,D.,
1518211006, DEAN,
ME- CONST.ENGG. & MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,
SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY. SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY.
 INTRODUCTION
 Concrete is the most widely used construction material around the world.
 Among the constituents’ aggregates occupies more than two-third of the total volume of
the concrete.
 Hence there are many researches going on to replace the aggregates with any suitable
alternative source.
 Fly ash is generally a waste material that is produced as a byproduct of coal combustion
process in thermal power station.
 Also Fly ash-based aggregate are light in weight. It can be seen that fly ash also reduces the
dead weight of the concrete without any change in the strength of the concrete.
 The Fly ash aggregate to be produced are formed by pelletization.
 Fly ash and cement are mixed together in different proportions to obtain the fly ash
aggregate. Along with that to increase the strength of the aggregate, natural admixture is
added at different percentages with the fly ash and cement.
 The natural admixture to be used is Terminalia chebula powder which is commonly called
as kadukkai powder.
 This admixture is supposed to be increase the strength when added with cement. Hence it is
added to the fly ash aggregate mix to check the strength characteristics.
 OBJECTIVE
 To study the strength characteristics of the fly ash aggregate.
 To investigate the effect of the natural admixture Terminalia chebula powder
in the fly ash aggregate.
 To arrive suitable cement and fly ash proportion for the preparation of fly ash
aggregate.
 To conduct preliminary aggregate tests on the prepared fly ash fine aggregate
and fly ash coarse aggregate.
 To use the artificial aggregate in concrete and to conduct various concrete
tests.
 The objective of the work is to study the combined effect of Flyash and
Kadukkai powder as replacement of usual material aggregate in concrete.
 To find the flexural strength and split tensile strength of blended concrete
beams.
 NOVELTY
 To improve life and strength of RCC structural elements using reverse
engineering material

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 With the use of fly ash fine aggregate the usage of river sand can be reduced.
 It is one of the effective way of utilization of fly ash.
 With the use of fly ash aggregate the dead load of structural element can be
reduced.
 It is an environmental friendly method of implementation of work.
 METHODOLOGY

Literature collection Arrival of mix proportion

Material selection Casting of concrete specimens

Manufacturing of aggregate Curing of specimens

Curing of aggregate Test of concrete specimen

Tests for aggregate Result

 LITERATURE COLLECTION
1. DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLE BLENDED
CONCRETE
Construction and Building Materials 179 (2018) 649–660.,2010
V. Subathra Devi

 Steel slag and ceramic waste is used as a combination material for replacement
of aggregates in concrete.
 Combination replacement provides better durability properties.
 Optimized new percentage of replacement is found for multiple blended
concrete.
 The chloride ion penetrability in all the replacement mix is moderate.
 The better durability characteristics is found for 21% of coarse aggregate
replaced by coarse steel slag and in combination with fine aggregate replaced
by fine steel slag upto 28%.
 2. CONCRETE MADE USING COLD BONDED ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATE
American journal of engineering research, 1, 20-25.,2013
Harilal B, and Job Thomas

 They investigated about the use of cold bonded artificial aggregate in

concrete.
 In this study the use of cold bonded aggregate in concrete is followed and its
strength parameters are checked.
 The cold bonded artificial aggregate are done by curing the aggregate in water
for about 7 days this curing of aggregate in water strengthens the bond
between the materials used.
 Also it shows the minimum utilization of energy for strengthening of bond.
 The strength of the fly ash aggregate can be achieved by proper water curing
which will be similar to the strength of fly ash aggregate obtained by
autoclaving.
3. STUDY ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF FLY ASH AGGREGATE CONCRETE
Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 14 (3), 75- 82.,2017
Jayabharath.K, Kesavan.G

 Results of experimental investigation carried out to study on impact strength

of fly ash aggregate concrete are presented in this paper.
 In this investigation, fly ash aggregates were used in concrete and Impact
strength of fly ash aggregate concrete will be studied.
 Then the cement fly ash proportions of 10:90, 12.5:87.5, 15:85, 17.5:82.5,
20:80, and 22.5:77.5 are adopted to get fly ash aggregates.
 The Particle size distribution, Specific gravity, Bulk density, Impact strength
and Crushing strength test are determined.
 The fresh concrete tests like Slump test and Compacting factor test will be
conducted for the conventional concrete and fly ash aggregate concrete.
 The semicircular control concrete specimens will be cast and all the specimens
will be tested for Impact.
 The specimens will be cast and cured for 7 days and 28 days and tested for
Impact strength.
 4. A REVIEW ON ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATE
International journal of earth sciences and engineering, 5 (3), 540- 546.2012
Mohan ganesh.G, Priya dharshini.P, Santhi.A

 In this study they have investigated about the types of artificial aggregates to
be prepared.
 Also the advantages of using the artificial aggregate are discussed here.
 The chemical properties of the artificial aggregates were also listed out.
 In addition to that different methods for the preparation of artificial aggregate
including fly ash aggregate were discussed. They are sintering, autoclaving,
cold bonding.
 Among these methods autoclaving shows strength gain in short period with
maximum utilization of energy whereas cold bonding shows strength gain in a
long period with minimum utilization of energy.
 5. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HERBOCRETE – AN EFFECTIVE
USE OF NATURAL ADMIXTURES
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 3, Issue 4 , April 2016.
M.Pradeep Kumar, C.Karthik, M.Mohammed Ibrahim, P.Yuvaraj

 He investigated a study on herbocrete about the effective use of natural

admixtures in concrete.
 In this study the Terminalia chebula powder and the egg shell powder were
used in combination to increase the strength of concrete.
 The percentage use of Terminalia chebula powder ranges from 2-7.5% in
concrete. The powder was made into paste and then mixed with the concrete.
 The result shows an increase in the strength of concrete by 1.562 times.
 The test results for different strengths were obtained for 7 days and 28 days.
 6. STUDY ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE BY USING
TERMINALIA CHEBULA POWDER AS NATURAL ADMIXTURE
SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering ( SSRG - IJCE ) – Special Issue ICITSET Sep 2018
T.Raja Sree, K.Chandramouli

 In this study, the influence of natural admixture Kadukkkai (Terminalia Chebula)

on the engineering properties of high strength concrete has been investigated.
 Compressive strength, workability pore size and porosity distribution were
assessed in order to enumerate the effect of Herbocrete (Kadukkkai) on the
concrete.
 he strength of the concrete has been increased with addition of plant extract at
constant slump and hence hardened concrete properties are improved by the use
of kadukkai extract.
 The effect of hebocrete was enhanced the compressive strength of the concretes
at all ages, particularly between the ages of 28 and 90 days.
 By comparing test results, the slump value has been increased up to 40% for
Herbocrete than plain concrete. Greater effects were observed at higher
replacement levels.
 7. PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE USING FLY
ASH PELLETS AS COARSE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 9, Number 2 (2016)
Dr. M.Vijaya Sekhar Reddy, Dr. M.C. Nataraja

 It mainly concentrated on replacement of cement with fly ash but production

of artificial aggregates with fly ash helps in utilizing large volume of flyash in
concrete.
 In the present scenario the world is much interested in this part recently due to
this large scale utilization which also reduces environmental pollution and
dwindling of natural resources.
 The rounded shape of fly ash pellet gives better workability compared to the
angular natural gravel.
 Crushing and impact value shows value much lesser than the allowable limit.
 The experimental results show that the maximum compressive strengths for
seven and 28 days curing period achieved are 27.73 and 47.45 N/mm2
respectively with 100% replacement of coarse aggregate by fly ash pellets.
 ARRIVAL OF MIX PROPORTION
DESIGN CHECK OF M25 GRADE CONCRETE
a) Grade designation : M25
b) Type of cement : OPC 53 grade conforming IS 8112
c) Maximum nominal size of aggregate : 20 mm
d) Minimum cement content : 300 kg/m3
e) Maximum water-cement ratio : 0.55
f) Workability : 100 mm
g) Exposure condition : severe
h) Zone : II
i) Chemical admixture type : nil
j) Specific gravity of cement : 3.14
k) Specific gravity of
i) Coarse aggregate : 1.96
ii) Fine aggregate : 1.83
DESIGN CALCULATION
1. Target strength for mix proportioning
f’ck = fck + 1.65 s
Where, f’ck = target average compressive strength at 28 days
fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
s = standard deviation
From table 1, standard deviation, s = 4 N/mm 2 = 25 + 1.65 x 4 = 31.6 N/mm 2
2. Selection of w/c ratio
From table 5 of IS456, maximum w/c ratio = 0.45
Selection of water content From table 2 of IS10262,
maximum water content = 186 litre
W/c for 100mm slump = 186 + (6/100) x 186 = 197 litre
3. Calculation of Cement content
W/c ratio = 0.45
Cement content = 197/0.45 = 437.8 kg/m3 = 438 kg/m3
From table 5 of IS456, minimum cement content = 320 kg/m3
For ‘severe’ exposure condition 438 kg/m3> 320 kg/m3, hence O.K.
4. Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate content
From table 3 of IS 10262,
Volume of coarse aggregate = 0.62
Volume of fine aggregate = 1-0.62 = 0.38
5. Mix calculation
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows
a) Volume of concrete = 1m3
b) Volume of cement = mass of cement
specific gravity of cement x1000
= 438
3.14 x 1000
= 0.139 m3

c) Volume of water = mass of water

Specific gravity of water x1000
= 197 = 0.197 m3
1000 x 1
d) Volume of all in aggregate = [a – (b+c+d)]
= [1-(0.139+0.197)] = 0.664 m3
e) Mass of coarse aggregate = [e x volume of coarse aggregate x Specific gravity of
coarse aggregate]

= (0.664 x 0.62 x 1.96 x 1000) = 806.89 kg

f) Mass of fine aggregate = [e x volume of coarse aggregate x Specific gravity of
fine aggregate]
= (0.664 x 0.38 x 1.83 x 1000) = 461.7 kg
g) Mix Ratio
Cement: Fine aggregate: Course aggregate: Water
438: 462: 807: 197
1: 1.05: 1.84: 0.45
 CASTING & CURING OF CONCRETE
SPECIMENS
 The fly ash aggregates are prepared and segregated into coarse
and fine aggregates.
 Then using the suitable ratio the M25 grade of concrete is
formed with the help of these aggregates.
 The concrete specimens like cube, cylinder are casted with the
fly ash aggregate concrete.
 The cube moulds are of size 150mm.
 The cylindrical moulds are of size 150mm*300mm
 The specimens are casted and allowed for a curing period of 7,
21 and 28 days
CASTING & CURING OF CONCRETE
SPECIMENS
 Experimental study on Artifical aggregate
Literature Collection
A review on Herbocrete- useage of natural admixtures

Class F flyash

OPC of grade 53
Material Collection
Terminalia chebulia powder

Conplast sp 430

Fineness test

Consistency test
Material Properties Material test on cement and Flyash
Specific gravity test

Initial setting time

Flyash

Cement

Formation of Flyash aggregates Terminalia chebula powder

Conplast sp 430

Water

Blended concrete in RCC beam

Specific gravity

Consistency
Coarse aggregate
Bulk density
Flyash aggregate properties
Crushing value

Fineness modulus
Fine aggregate
Specific Gravuty

Mix proportion M20 grade of concrete

Cube

Casting Cylinder

Beam

Compressive strength test

Testing Split tensile test

Flexural strength test

Results To compare it with the normal aggregate and suggest suitable measures
THANK YOU