THE PRECEDENCE

DIAGRAMMING METHOD (P.D.M)

– The precedence diagram method is a tool for
scheduling activities in a project plan. It is a method of
constructing a project schedule network diagram that
uses boxes, referred to as nodes, to represent activities
and connects them with arrows that show the
dependencies. It is also called the activity-on-node
method.
 THE PRECEDENCE
DIAGRAMMING METHOD
USES FOUR TYPES OF
DEPENDENCIES.
Finish to Start (FS)
– In this type of dependency, the second activity cannot be
started until the first activity completes. This type of
dependency is the most commonly used dependency in
the diagramming techniques.
Finish to Finish (FF)

– the second activity cannot be finished until

the first activity finishes. In other words,
both activities should finish simultaneously.
Start to Start (SS)

– the second activity cannot be started until

the first activity starts. Both activities should
start simultaneously.
Start to Finish (SF)

– In this type of dependency, the second

activity cannot be finished until the first
activity starts.
 THE PROGRAM
EVALUATION AND REVIEW
TECHNIQUE (PERT)
– In project management, Project Evaluation
Review Technique or PERT is used to identify the
time it takes to finish a particular task or activity.
It is a system that helps in proper 
scheduling and coordination of all tasks
throughout the project. It also helps in keeping
track of the progress, or lack thereof, of the
project. In the 1950s, Project Evaluation Review
Technique was developed by the US Navy to
manage the Polaris submarine missile program of
their Special Projects Office. 
ADVANTAGES OF PERT

– It helps maximize the use of resources.

– It makes project planning more
manageable.
– It’s useful even if there is little or no
previous schedule data.
– It enables project managers to determine a
DISADVANTAGES OF PERT

– In complex projects, many find PERT hard to interpret, so they

also use a Gantt Chart, another popular method for project
management.
– It can be tedious to update, modify and maintain the PERT
diagram.
– It entails a subjective time analysis of activities, and for those
who are less experienced or biased, it may affect the project’s
schedule.