MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD:

TEXT DATA
ERRORS AND
ERROR CORRECTION .
DATA
• Computer systems work with • all data types are stored
different types of digital data. as binary digits. For each data
• In the early days of computing, data type, there are very specific
consisted primarily of text and techniques to convert between
numbers, but in modern-day
the binary language of
computing, there are lots of different
computers and how we interpret
multimedia data types, such as
audio, images, graphics and video. data using our senses, such as
sight and sound.
ANALOG AND DIGITAL DATA
ANALOG DATA
• Analog data are continuous. They are
'analogous' to the actual facts they represent.

• Nature is analog. Many aspects of our natural

world are continuous in nature. For example,
think of the spectrum of colors. This is a
continuous rainbow of an infinite number of
shades.
DIGITAL DATA
• Digital data are discrete, broken up into a
limited number of elements.
• computers are digital.
• Computer systems, on the other hand,
are not continuous, but finite. All data are
stored in binary digits, and there is a limit
to how much data we can represent.
• Newer monitors used more colors,
enough to represent basic images, but
were still quite limited. Modern displays
have millions of colors and look much
more natural. Still, the number of colors
is finite. The finite nature of data stored
on a computer influences how different
types are stored as binary digits.
TEXT DATA
• One of the most basic data • A string represents alphanumeric
data. This means that a string can
types is plain text.
contain many different characters,
• In database terminology, but that they are all considered as
this is referred to as if they were text and not put into
calculations, even if the
a character string, or
characters are numbers.
simply a string.
ERRORS AND
ERROR CORRECTION
The data can be corrupted during
transmission (from source to receiver).
It may be data are not the same as
the received output data.
 ERROR
CASE OF MISMATCHED DATA
Noise
Binary Signal

Network 1 Network 2
TYPES OF ERRORS
SINGLE BIT DATA ERRORS
MULTIPLE BIT DATA ERRORS
BURST ERRORS
IN A DATA SEQUENCE, IF 1 IS CHANGED
TO 0 OR 0 IS CHANGED INTO 1, IT IS
CALLED “BIT ERROR”
A. Single Bit Data Errors
-It is a change in one bit in the whole
data sequence.
B. Multiple Bit Data Errors
-It is a change in two or more bits of
data sequence of transmitter to
receiver.
C. Burst Errors
-It is a change of set of bits in data
sequence.