QUALITY CONTROL OF

MISCELLANEOUS
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
AND SIGNIFICANCE
 QUALITY CONTROL OF MISCELLANEOUS
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND
SIGNIFICANCE
(CONTENTS)
Reinforced
Concrete
RCCP Culvert Pipe
Reinforcing Steel
Bar

GUARDR CHB
AIL

RSB

Concrete Masonry
Classes of Highway Units
Guardrail

2
 REINFORCING STEEL BAR
BAR – a steel product of plain, round or deformed
cross-section for concrete reinforcement.

Governing Specification

DPWH Standard Specification - ITEM 404

(AASHTO M31)

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 Classification

1. Deformed steel Bar – surface of

which is provided with lugs or
RSB protrusions called deformation.
2. Plain Steel bar – without surface
deformation.

4
 Classification

GRADE – Steel bar shall be graded

according to its minimum yield strength.
RSB LENGTH – available at 5.0, 6.0, 7.5,
9.0, 10.5 and 12.0 meters.
SIZES – 10mm, 13mm, 16mm, 19mm,
25mm, 29mm, 32mm, 36mm, 40mm
and 50mm in diameter.

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 Uses

 Embedded in concrete for purpose of

resisting particular stresses.
RSB  Control cracking of concrete structure
 Maintain the structural integrity of the
slab between transverse joints.
 Prevents the progressive opening of
cracks by holding the edges of the cracks
closely together.

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 SAMPLING/MINIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENT

 One meter long specimen should be

RSB obtained to represent a 10,000kgs of steel
bars of each size.

 For every 10,000 kgs or fraction thereof

for each size:
1 quality test (Q-1) = Quality Test for
Bending, Tension and Chemical Analysis

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 TESTS ON REINFORCING STEEL
BAR

• TENSION TEST
RSB - determines the tensile properties
- results are used to classify bars into grades
- provides information on the strength and
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
- results maybe useful in comparison of
materials, alloy development and quality control.

• YIELD POINT
• TENSILE STRENGTH
• ELONGATION

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 TENSION TEST

RSB

9
 DIMENSION

RSB

10
 VARIATION IN MASS

RSB

11
 BENDING TEST

RSB

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 PHOSPHOROUS CONTENT
DETERMINATION

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 DEFORMATION MESUREMENTS

RSB

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 AVERAGE SPACING (SPACING BET. THE LUGS)

• Average Height (Height of the lug

• Gap (Width of the Rib)

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 Tensile Requirements Grade 40 Grade 60
Tensile Strength min., MPa 420 620
Yield Strength min., MPa 280 420
Elongation in 200mm:, min.
%
Bar Ø mm 10 11 9
12, 16, 20 12 9
22, 25 - 8
28, 32 - 7
36 - 7

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 Variation in Mass, % - shall not
exceed 6% under nominal weight except
for bars smaller than 3/8 in. (10mm)
plain round. In no case shall the
RSB overweight be the cause for rejection.
Bending requirement: No cracking on
outside ben portion
Phosphorous Content, % : 0.06 max

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 AASHTO M31: Nominal Dimensions

Nominal Diameter, Nominal Mass, Nominal Cross

mm kg/m Sectional Area,
mm2
10 0.560 71
13 0.994 129
16 1.552 199
19 2.235 284
22 3.042 387
25 3.973 510
29 5.060 645
32 6.404 819
36 7.907 1006

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 AASHTO M31: Deformation Requirements
(mm)

Bar Diameter Max. Ave. Min. Ave. Max. Gap

Spacing Height
10 6.7 0.38 3.6
13 8.9 0.51 4.9
16 11.1 0.71 6.1
19 13.3 0.97 7.3
22 15.5 1.12 8.5
25 17.8 1.27 9.7
29 20.1 1.42 10.9
32 22.6 1.63 12.4
36 25.1 1.80 13.7

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 AASHTO M31: Deformation Requirements
(mm)

Bar Diameter Max. Ave. Min. Ave. Max. Gap

Spacing Height
10 6.7 0.38 3.6
13 8.9 0.51 4.9
16 11.1 0.71 6.1
19 13.3 0.97 7.3
22 15.5 1.12 8.5
25 17.8 1.27 9.7
29 20.1 1.42 10.9
32 22.6 1.63 12.4
36 25.1 1.80 13.7

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 TYPES OS HIGHWAY GUARDRAIL:
AASHTO M 180 (1980)
TYPE I – zinc coated, 1.80 ounces per
square foot (550g/sq.m)minimum single
spot.
GUARDRAI
TYPE II – zinc coated, 3.60 ounces per
L
square foot (1,100 g/sq.m) minimum
single spot.

TYPE III – beams to be painted

TYPE IV – beams of corrosion resistant

metal

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 CLASSES OF HIGHWAY GUARDRAIL

CLASS A - base metal with nominal

thickness of 2.67mm (0.105 in.)
GUARDRAI CLASS B – base metal with nominal
L thickness of 3.43 mm (0.135 in.)

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 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(The Roles of DPWH Implementing Offices, the BRS and the
BQS in Testing and Inspection )

Bureau of Quality and Safety

The BQS, represented by the Quality

Assurance Units (QAUs), undertakes a
BQS
quality audit role for DPWH, conducting
ocular inspections and investigations in the
field, to advise DPWH Management on the
effectiveness of both the Contractor and
the Implementing Office in ensuring that
the constructed works comply with plans
and specifications.

23
 Quality Management of Construction
Process
DPWH
DPWH Secretary
Secretary

DPWH
DPWH Quality
Quality Management
Management
Representative
Representative (ISO
(ISO 9001)
9001)

Project
Project
ProjectQuality
Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance
Assurance
Program (PQAP)
(PQAP)
Program (PQAP)
(PQAP)
QC

Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
Quality Control
Control Program
Program
Program
Program (QAP)
(QAP) (QCP)
(QCP)

Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
Quality
Quality Control
Control Quality Control
Control
Testing
Testing Plan (QATP)
Plan (QATP) Inspection
Inspection Plan (QAIP)
Plan (QAIP) Testing
Testing Plan
Plan Inspection
Inspection Plan
Plan (QCIP)
(QCIP)
(QCTP)
(QCTP)

24
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Testing and Inspection Plans)

Contractor DPWH
Plan Activity
Head of
ME PE Office
Chief ER PI ME

Project QAHD /
Preparation QAS
Quality
Assurance
Program
(PQAP)
-Testing Approval RD/DE

Project
Quality CD/CS
Preparation
Assurance
Program
(PQAP)
-Inspection Approval RD/DE

25
 Quality Control Program

26
 Project Quality Assurance Program
(Master Schedule for Testing)
PROJECT QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM (PQAP) DPWH-TR-F003A
MASTER SCHEDULE FOR TESTING
Contract ID : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contract Name : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contractor Name : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Component Description : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Component Cost : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
City / Municipality : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Station Limits : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

27
 Project Quality Assurance Program
(Project Quality Assurance Program - Inspection)

28
 Quality Management of Construction
Process
DPWH
DPWH Secretary
Secretary

DPWH
DPWH Quality
Quality Management
Management
Representative
Representative (ISO
(ISO 9001)
9001)

Project
Project Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance
Program (PQAP)
Program (PQAP)
QC

Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
Quality Control
Control Program
Program
Program
Program (QAP)
(QAP) (QCP)
(QCP)

Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
Quality
Quality Control
Control Quality Control
Control
Testing
Testing Plan (QATP)
Plan (QATP) Inspection
Inspection Plan (QAIP)
Plan (QAIP) Testing
Testing Plan
Plan Inspection
Inspection Plan
Plan (QCIP)
(QCIP)
(QCTP)
(QCTP)

29
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Testing and Inspection Plans)

Contractor DPWH
Plan Activity Head of
ME PE Office
Chief ER PI ME
Preparation
Confirmation
QATP QAHD
Review / QAS
Quality
Approval RD/DE
Assurance
Program Preparation
(QAP)
Confirmation
QAIP CD/
Review CS

Approval RD/DE

QATP – Quality Assurance Test Plan

QAIP – Quality Assurance Inspection Plan

30
 Quality Control Program

31
 Quality Assurance Test Plan
DPWH-TR-F002
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM -QUALITY ASSURANCE TEST PLAN (QATP)
Contract ID : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contract Name : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contractor Name : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Component Description : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Component Cost : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
City / Municipality : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Station Limits : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

32
Quality Assurance Inspection Plan

33
 Quality Management of Construction
Process
DPWH
DPWH Secretary
Secretary

DPWH
DPWH Quality
Quality Management
Management
Representative
Representative (ISO
(ISO 9001)
9001)

Project
Project Quality
Quality Assurance
Assurance
Program (PQAP)
Program (PQAP)
QC

Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
Quality Control
Control Program
Program
Program
Program (QAP)
(QAP) (QCP)
(QCP)

Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
QualityAssurance
Assurance Quality
Quality Control
Control Quality
Quality Control
Control
Testing
Testing Plan (QATP)
Plan (QATP) Inspection
Inspection Plan (QAIP)
Plan (QAIP) Inspection
Testing
Testing Plan
Plan Inspection Plan (QCIP)
Plan (QCIP)
(QCTP)
(QCTP)

34
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Testing and Inspection Plans)

Contractor DPWH
Plan Activity Head
ME PI PE of Chief ER PI ME
Office

Preparation
Confirmation
2nd Review
QCTP Review (QAHD/QAS 1st Review
)

Confirmation
Quality
Control Approval RD/DE

Program Preparation
(QCP)
Confirmation
2nd Review 1st
QCIP Review (CD/CS) Review

Confirmation
Approval RD/DE

QCTP – Quality Assurance Test Plan

QCIP – Quality Assurance Inspection Plan
35
 Quality Control Program

36
 Quality Control Test Plan
DPWH-TR-F001
QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM -QUALITY CONTROL TEST PLAN (QCTP)
Contract ID : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contract Name : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contractor Name : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Component Description : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Component Cost : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
City / Municipality : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Station Limits : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

37
 Quality Control Inspection Plan

38
 Certificate of Quality Control
Assurance

39
 Certificates
Certificate of Quality Control Certificate of Quality Assurance

40
Inspection Process Flow
Request for Inspection (RFI)
Testing Process Flow
Request for Testing (RFT)
 Minimum Testing Requirement
APPENDIX 2 (Annex B)

45
 Minimum Testing Requirement
APPENDIX 2 (Annex B)

46
 Minimum Testing Requirement
APPENDIX 2 (Annex B)

47
 Minimum Testing Requirement
APPENDIX 2 (Annex B)

48
 Minimum Testing Requirement
APPENDIX 2 (Annex B)

49
 Minimum Testing Requirement
APPENDIX 2 (Annex B)

50
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Definition of Control Points)

Control
Control Points
Points

The purpose of control points in a process is to

provide a guiding framework of staged checks
on the process, which confirm either that the
process is progressing in an orderly fashion, or if
not, that appropriate corrections are being made to
bring the process back on track

51
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Definition of Control Points)

Control Points

Milestone

Witness Points

Hold Points
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Types of Control Points)

Milestones are not items of work, they are

significant steps in project implementation

Control
Control Points
Points

a.
a. Milestone
Milestone Example:
Completion of the foundations to a
bridge or building, or completion of
the base course on a specified road
section. Milestones shall be
included in the QCIP and QAIP, to
indicate project progress.

53
Road Construction Process Control
Chart

Control Points

Milestone
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Types of Control Points)

Hold Points are usually applied only at

critical stages of the works which cannot be
inspected at a later stage because they are
covered up or are no longer accessible, or
Control
Control Points
Points that cannot easily be corrected.

b.
b. Hold
Hold Point
Point It shall be applied by the Engineer’s
Representative where inspection and/or
Examples:
testing and/or survey by the Engineer’s
Field Density Test Representative are required to confirm
Slump Test compliance with plans and specifications
Flexural Strength of Concrete before the next activity can be started, or
the next component added.

40-A
Road Construction Process Control
Chart

Control Points

Hold Points
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Types of Control Points)

Witness Points are applied more frequently to

important but non-critical stages of the works.
Witness points are identified in a construction
process where the Engineer’s Representative
Control
Control Points
Points may want to exercise his options to review,
witness, inspect or undertake tests on any
c.
c. Witness
Witness Point
Point component or activity in progress.

Examples:
Temporary Facilities
Equipment
Construction Safety and Health
Excavation

51-A
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Types of Control Points)

The Contractor is required to notify the

Engineer’s Representative that the Witness Point
has been reached. The Engineer’s
Representative can then decide to exercise his
Control
Control Points
Points options or not. However the Contractor may
proceed with subsequent activities without
c.
c. Witness
Witness Point
Point waiting on any further action on the part of the
Engineer’s Representative.

51-B
Controlling Construction Processes 3

Control Points

Witness Points

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 Project Non-Conformance Report

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 Project Non-Conformance Report

50
 DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application

57
 DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application

PCMA Modules

57
 DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application

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 DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application

PQA Tab

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 DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application

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DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application
DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application
DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application
DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application
DPWH Volume IV
PCMA Application
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Scope of Testing)

Contractor’s QC and ER’s QA sampling and testing must be done by separate

teams/laboratories. No laboratory shall perform both Quality Control and Quality
Assurance testing for a material or product from the same construction contract.

No laboratory shall perform more than one of the following types of

testing on the same project:

Quality
Quality Control
Control Testing
Testing Quality
Quality Assurance
Assurance Testing
Testing

Independent
Independent Assurance
Assurance
Verification
Verification Testing
Testing Testing
Testing

Dispute
Dispute Resolution
Resolution Testing
Testing

In the case where the BRS performs the Independent Assurance Testing,
the subsequent Dispute Resolution Testing may be performed by the BRS
or another laboratory nominated by the BRS.

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 QUALITY ASSURANCE
TESTING
 All Quality Assurance inspections, sampling and testing
shall be undertaken for and on behalf of the DPWH
Implementing Office by the Engineer’s Representative

 May opt to use DPWH laboratory or DPWH accredited

private testing laboratory

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 QUALITY CONTROL TESTING
 All Quality Control inspections, sampling and testing shall
be undertaken by the contractor

 Shall
utilize its own laboratories or avail the services of
DPWH-accredited private testing laboratories

 DPWH Central, Regional and District laboratories cannot

be utilized for this purpose.

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 VERIFICATION TESTING

 Purpose - checking/ confirming the veracity of a QA or QC

test results when they differ significantly

 May be requested by Contractor, ER or IO

 Shall be conducted by lab not conducting QA or QC test on

the same contract

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 INDEPENDENT ASSURANCE (IA)
TESTING
 May be a check on a test result, but more typically a check on sampling and
testing procedures and equipment
( 1st step in a dispute process)

 Investigates significant differences between QC and QA testing procedures and

equipment to determine cause of differences.

 Is not directly a part of acceptance or rejection of a material/product.

 Makes recommendation to I.O which will supervise the IA testing

 RO will conduct IA for DEO projects, BRS or BRS nominated lab will do IA for
UPMO and RO projects.

 Cost to be shouldered by the one ( Contractor or IO) at fault

64
 DISPUTE RESOLUTION (DR)
TESTING
 When IA testing results are not acceptable to either or both
parties, DR shall proceed

 To be done by BRS or BRS-nominated lab

 Results are final

 Cost to be shouldered by the party at fault

65
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Use of Contractor’s QC Results)
 The Engineer may opt to use some of the results of the Contractor’s
inspection, sampling and testing for acceptance, provided that:

 the Contractor has a QCP approved by the Engineer;

 The Engineer’s Representative’s inspection and monitoring activities indicate
that the Contractor is following the approved Quality Control Program; and,  
 The results from the Contractor’s quality control sampling and testing compare
favorably with the Engineer’s Representative’s QA results in accordance with
the Procedure for Evaluating Similar and Dissimilar QA and QC Test Results;
and
 The Engineer is satisfied that the samples submitted are truly representative of
the delivered materials.

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 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Use of Contractor’s QC Results)

Validation Procedures for QC Test Results

If the Engineer is to use the Contractor’s quality control

test data, the Contractor’s test results shall be validated
in accordance with Statistical Analysis.

67
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Statistical Treatment of QA and QC Test Result)

DPWH requires the Contractor and the Engineer’s

Representative to conduct separate programs for
sampling, testing and inspection, for the purpose of
allowing statistical comparison between the two sets of
results.

68
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Certificate of Completion)

The Certificate of Completion is issued by the Head of the DPWH

Implementing Office:
 
 after completion of the works; and,

 after inspection of the works, and

 after review of construction records and As-built plans by

DPWH confirm that the works have been constructed in
compliance with the contract plans and specifications, and
that all defects/deficiencies have been corrected.

69
 DPWH Volume IV, PQA
(Certificate of Acceptance)

The Certificate of Acceptance is issued by the Head of the DPWH

Implementing Office:

 after the expiration of the Defects Liability Period (generally twelve

(12) months), and the posting of a bond for the balance of the Warranty
Period if any,
 after inspection of the works, and
 after review of construction records and As-built plans by DPWH
confirm that the works have been constructed in compliance with the
contract plans and specifications, and that any defects/deficiencies
discovered since the Completion Inspection have been corrected.

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Thank
You!