Waste Generation

Prepared by: Abhijith B

Definition of Waste
substances or objects which are disposed of or are
intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed
of by the provisions of the law
WASTE GENERATION
Since the beginning human kinds have been generating

waste
 Bones

 Other parts of animals they slaughter

 Woods etc.
WASTE GENERATION (Contd….)
With the progress of civilization the waste generated

become more complex nature

The increase in population , urbanization and change in

life style are responsible for the increasing the solid

waste
Due to the scientific inventions, E waste is also increasing

day by day
Source: Department of Information Technology
…Overpopulation…
 Sources and Types of Solid Wastes

 Sources of solid wastes in a community are:

• Residential
• Commercial
• Institutional
• Construction and Demolition
• Municipal Services
• Treatment Plant Sites
• Industrial
• Agricultural
 Sources and Types of Solid Wastes

 MSW includes all the community waste with the

exception of industrial process waste and agriculture
wastes

 It is important to define the various types of solid

wastes that are generated and the sources to design
and operate of the functional elements associated
with the management of solid waste
SOURCES OF WASTES

Households

Commerce and
Industry
Agriculture

Fisheries
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
Table 1: Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within a Community

Types of solid wastes Typical facilities, Source

activities, locations where
wastes are generated

Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, Single and multifamily Residential

textiles, leather, yard wastes, wood, dwellings
glass, metals, ashes, special wastes
(e.g., bulky items, consumer
electronics, white goods, batteries, oil,
tires), and household hazardous wastes

Industrial process waste, scrap Light and heavy Industrial

materials, etc. Non - industrial waste manufacturing, fabrication,
including food wastes, construction and construction sites, power
demolition wastes, rubbish, ashes , and chemical plants
hazardous wastes, ashes, special wastes
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes

Table 1: Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within a Community (Cont’d)

Types of solid wastes Typical facilities, Source
activities, locations where
wastes are generated

Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food Stores, hotels, restaurants, Commercial

wastes, glass, metals, special wastes, markets, office buildings,
hazardous wastes etc.

Same as commercial Schools, hospitals, prisons, Institutional

government centers

Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc. New construction sites, Construction and Demolition
road repair, renovation
sites, demolition of
buildings, broken pavement
 Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
Table 1: Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within a Community (Cont’d)

Types of solid wastes Typical facilities, activities, Source

locations where wastes are
generated

Street sweepings; landscape and tree Street cleaning, landscaping, Municipal

trimmings; general wastes from parks, parks, beaches, other Services (excluding
beaches, and other recreational areas; recreational areas, water and treatment facilities)
sludge wastewater treatment plants

Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, Field and row crops, Agricultural
rubbish, hazardous waste. vineyards, dairies, farms, etc.
Waste Generation by Country
(Global Waste Survey Final Report Published by IMO 1995)*
Nature of Municipal Solid Waste

 Organic (Combustible)

 Inorganic (non-combustible)

 Recyclable

 Hazardous

 Infectious
 Composition of Solid Wastes

Composition is the term used to describe the

individual components that make up a solid waste
stream and their relative distribution

Information on the composition of solid wastes is

important in evaluating equipment needs, systems and
management programme and plans
 Composition of Solid Wastes
 The residential and commercial portion makes up
about 50 to 75 percent of total MSW generated in a
community

 The actual percentage distribution will depend on

 The extent of construction and demolition activities

 The extent of the municipal services provided

 The types of water and wastewater treatment
process that are used
Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW
Percent by Weight Moisture percent
Component
Range Typical Range Typical
Organic
Food wastes 6 – 26 15 50 – 80 70
Paper 25 – 45 40 4 – 10 6
Cardboard 3 – 15 4 4–8 5
Plastics 2– 8 3 1–4 2
Textiles 0– 4 2 6 – 15 10
Rubber 0– 2 0.5 1–4 2
Leather 0– 2 0.5 8 – 12 10
Yard wastes 0 – 20 12 30 – 80 60
Wood 1– 4 2 15 – 40 20
Misc. organics
Inorganics
Glass 4 – 16 8 1– 4 2
Tin cans 2– 8 6 2–4 3
Aluminum 0– 1 1 2–4 2
Other metal 1– 4 2 2–6 3
Dirt, ash etc 0 – 10 4 6 – 12 8
Factors affecting generation rates
The percentage distribution values for the
components in MSW vary with
 Geographic Location
 Season of the year
 Frequency of collection
 Use of Home grinders
 Characteristics of population
 Legislation
 Public attitude
Future Changes in Waste Composition
 In terms of solid waste management planning, knowledge of
future trends in the composition of solid waste and quantities
are of great importance.

 Food Waste
 The quantity of residential food waste collected has
changed significantly over the years as a result of
technical advances and change in public health

 Food processing and packaging industry and the use of

kitchen food waste grinders have effected the quantity of
food waste

 The percentage of food waste, by weight, has decreased

from about 14 percent in the early 1960s to about 9
percent in 1992.
 Paper and Cardboard
 The percentage of paper and cardboard found in MSW has
increased greatly over the past half century , rising from
about 20 percent in the early 1940s to about 40 percent in
1992

 Yard Wastes
 The percentage of yard waste has also increased
significantly, due primarily to passage of laws that prohibit
burning of yard wastes.

 By weight, yard waste currently accounts for about 16 to 24

percent of the waste stream

 Environmental conditions such as droughts have also

affected the quantities of yard wastes collected in certain
locations
 Plastics
 The percentage of plastics in solid waste has increased
significantly during the past 50 years

 the use of plastics has increased from almost non-

measurable quantities in the early 1940s to between 7 and 8
percent, by weight, in 1992

 It is anticipated the use of plastic will continue to increase,

but at a slower rate than during the past 25 years
EFFECTS OF WASTE
If waste are not collected and allowed to

accumulate this may create unsanitary

conditions
This may lead to epidemic breaks

Improper handling of solid waste is hazard to

the workers who comes in direct contact with

the waste
EFFECTS OF WASTE (Contd….)
If the solid waste are not treated properly,
decomposition and putrification takes place
During decompostion organic solid waste may

generate obnoxious odours

CONCLUSION
Due to the urbanization and industrialization the

waste is increased
If proper treatment should not takes place it will

adversely affect the human health and eco system

We should follow 3R, 4R or 5R concept for the proper

management of waste.