Hyoid and ribs

Presented by:
Anupriya Sinha

BFS VI
Roll No. :- 07 Submitted to:
2017-2020 Jaya Ma’am
 • The hyoid bone is located on the
top of the thyroid cartilage ,lower
to the chin in the basal region of
the lower jaw called mandible.

01 • It is found lying anteriorly to the

Hyoid trachea in the mid-neck region.

• Hyoid is shaped like a horseshoe,

which remain hanging in the neck
muscle.
 02
Figure
 The structure of hyoid bone is
divided into three parts:
BODY
Works as a base for the extension of
bone and also serves as an anchor to
03 some important neck muscles.
Anatomy of hyoid GREATER CORNUA
bone Pair of cornua or horns, conical in
shape,project towards the back from
each end of the centre i.e body.
LESSER CORNUA
pair of smaller conical protrusion
oriented more in the upwards direction
originating from the base of greater
cornas.
 • Responsible for attachment of the root
of the tongue.

• Helps in movement for actions such as

speaking or swallowing.
04 • It anchors the hyoglossum muscle for
Functions of Hyoid creating a depression on the tongue so
Bone as to enlarge the oral cavity.

• When swallowing action takes place,

the mylohyoid and the geniohyoid
muscle lift the bone as well as the
mouth’s floor together.
 05
Figur
e
 • The rib cage forms the thorax portion of the body.

• It consists of the 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and

the sternum.

• The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic

vertebrae.T1-T12

06 • The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.

Ribs and sternum:
• The ribs are classified as true ribs [vertebrosternal ribs] (1-7)-
the costal cartilage from each of these ribs attaches directly to
the sternum.

• False ribs [vertebrochondral ribs] (8-12)-the costal cartilage

from these ribs do not attaches directly to the sternum

• The last two pairs of false ribs also known as floating ribs(11-
12).these are short ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all.
 • The sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the
anterior thoracic cage.

• It consist of three parts; the manubrium is the wider, superior

portion of the sternum.

• The top of the manubrium has a shallow , U shaped border

07 called the jugular(suprasternal) notch.

sternum • The clavicular notch is the shallow depression located on

either side at the superior-lateral margins of the manubrium.

• The elongated, central portion of the sternum is the body.

• The manubrium and the body join together at the sternal

angle.

• The inferior tip of the sternum is the xiphoid process.

 CLASSIFICATION:-
There are two classification of ribs- typical and
atypical
Typical Ribs- a typical rib is flattened, curved bone.
 The posterior end of the typical rib is called the
head of the rib.
08  Lateral to the head is the narrowed neck of the
rib.
RIBS  The small bump on the posterior rib surface is
called tubercle of the rib, which articulates with
the facet located on the transverse process of the
same number vertebra.
 A shallow costal groove for the passage of blood
vessels and a nerve is found along the inferior
margin of the rib.
 • The typical ribs consist of head, neck
and body;

09  Head- The head is wedge shaped, and

has two articular facets separated by a
RIBS wegde of bone. One facet articulates with
the numerically corresponding vertebrae,
and other with the vertebrae above.

 Neck- The neck consist no bony

prominences,but simply connects the head
with the body.it is about 2.5cm .

 Shaft- The body or shaft of the rib is flat

and curved.the internal surface of the
shaft has a groove for the neurovascular
supply of the thorax, protecting the
vessels and nerves from damage.
 Ribs 1,2,10, 11 and 12 can be describes as atypical, they
have features that are not common to all the ribs.

 Rib 1 is shorter and wider than other ribs. It has only

one facet on its head for articulation with its
corresponding vertebrae.

10  Rib 2 is thinner and longer than rib 1 and has two

articular facet on the head as normal. It has a roughened
Atypical Ribs area on its upper surface,from which the serratus
anterior muscle originates.

rib 10 only has one facet for articulation with its

numerically corresponding vertebrae.

Rib 11 and 12 have no neck and only contain one

facet,which is for articulation with their corresponding
vertebrae.