ANIMAL

TISSUE
THE FOUR MAJOR ANIMAL
TISSUES
1. EPITHELIAL
- consists of a single layer
TISSUE
of cells covering the surface
of the body or several
layers lining body
activities and organs
-perform a variety
of functions,
including
protection,
absorption,
TWO LAYERS OF EPITHELIAL
TISSUE

oSimple – single layer

oStratified
– 2 or
more layer
DIFFERENT KINDS OF
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM
-flat and thin cells with no
intercellular spaces
-simple squamous
epithelium allows
substances to either
easily diffuse through the cells
or to be filtered through
them
COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
-consists of cylindrical cells
-It is found in the
lining of the stomach and
intestines, and
facilitates the
movement of
nutrients across the epithelial
barrier.
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
-consists of modified columnar
cells
-found in the sweat
glands and tear
glands to produce
secretions.
CILIATED
EPITHELIUM
-They are most common in the
nasal and respiratory
passageways, and are one of
the main reasons mucus
flows and carries out dead
cells.
They contain“cilia” that can
either help the cells move
along the tissue or can help
debris and waste move along
the surface of the cells
 CUBOIDAL
-EPITHELIUM
found in organs that are
specialized for
secretion, such as
salivary glands and
thyroid follicles, and those that
are specialized
for diffusion,
such as the kidney
tubules.
STRATIFIED
EPITHELIUM
- has epithelial cells lined up one
over another.
It is found in the
epidermis of the
skin, the lining
of the mouth
cavity, and
oesophagus.
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
- Cells are columnar but tall and
thin. All cells rest on the
basement membrane. The unique
appearance of pseudostratified
epithelia occurs because the tall,
thin cells intertwine.
2. CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
- Its function is to bind other
tissues together; therefore, this
tissue must be strong.
COMMON TYPES OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LOOSE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
It holds organs in place and
attaches epithelial tissue to other
underlying tissues. It also surrounds
the blood vessels and nerves. Cells
called fibroblasts are widely dispersed
in this tissue; they are irregular
branching cells that secrete strong
fibrous proteins and proteoglycans as
an extracellular matrix.
LOOSE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
Areolar connective tissue
DENSE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
- provides connection between different
tissues in the human body
- it forms strong, rope-like structures such
as tendons and ligaments. Tendons
attach skeletal muscles to bones;
ligaments connect bones to bones at
joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and
contain more elastic fibres than
tendons.
DENSE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
FIBROUS TISSUES
- Holds muscle cells and surrounds
groups of cells that make up the
nerves
Composed of parallel bundles
of collagen fibers, is found in
the dermis, tendons, and
ligaments
FIBROUS TISSUES
CARTILAGE TISSUE
- It is found at joints surface and
rib ends. They are also
present in the tracheal rings.
- Cartilage cells secrete fibrous
materials that are strong but
flexible.
BONE TISSUE
- It functions in structural
support, protection,
and mineral (calcium)
storage
- three types of cells: osteoblasts,
which deposit bone;
osteocytes, which maintain the
bone;
and osteoclasts, which
BONE TISSUE
- The functional unit of compact
bone is the osteon, which is
made up of concentric rings of
bone called lamellae
surrounding a central opening
called a Haversian canal,
through which nerves and blood
vessels travel.
ADIPOSE TISSUE
- a loose connective tissue that
fills up space between organs
and tissues and provides
structural and metabolic support
- Serves as the fat storage and
as supporting pads for other
tissues
VASCULAR
TISSUE(
- Blood isBLOOD) of
composed
erythrocytes (RBC), which
distribute oxygen throughout
the body; Leukocytes (WBC),
which mount immune responses;
and thrombocytes (platelets),
which are involved in blood
clotting.
- Blood has a number of
functions, but primarily it
transports material through
the body to bring nutrients to
cells and remove waste
material from them.
3. MUSCULAR
TISSUE
- They give shape and form to
the body. And also help the
bones move our body.
3 TYPES:
• SMOOTH MUSCLE
• STRIATED MUSCLE
• CARDIAC MUSCLE
SMOOTH
MUSCLE
- spindle shaped with only one
nucleus, contract
involuntarily to push food
through the digestive tract
and blood through blood
vessels.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
STRIATED MUSCLE
- Skeletal muscle cells, long,
striated, multinucleate cells
under voluntary control, are
responsible for the movement
of skeletal muscles.
STRIATED MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
- found only in the heart, are
striated and branching (with
one nucleus); they are joined
by intercalated discs which
allow the cells to synchronize
the beating of the heart.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
4. NERVOUS TISSUE
- Conducts impulses to and from body
organs via neurons
*Two major cell types:
Neurons - communicate with each
other via electrical and chemical
signals
- structural unit of nervous tissue
Glial cells - support the neurons
PARTS OF NEURONS
Cell Body
- contains the nucleus
Dendrites
-tree-like fashion and serve as
the main apparatus for receiving
signals from other nerve cells.
-pick up the electrical impulses
and pass them to the cell body.
 Axon
- elongated fiber that extends
from the cell body to the
terminal endings and transmits
the neural signal
-carries the impulse away from
the cell body.