BRIEF HISTORY OF

MICE INDUSTRY
 18TH – 19TH Century
The beginnings of the meetings industry can be traced back to Europe and
North-America in the times when enlightenment culminated in the French
and American Revolutions.
In the course of their development in the 19th century, universities had an
increasing need to share information in academic circles, which led to an
increasing number of gatherings and also created the need for larger public
spaces for this purpose.
Another factor in the growth of MICE are the development of the railway
and its station, and opening of hotels. Many of these hotels had also special-
purpose rooms for rent.
 18th Century
First Continental Congress
- the Congress met from September 5,1774 at Carpenter's Hall Philadelpia. Peyton Randolph
presided over the proceedings; Henry Middleton took over as President of the Congress for the few
days, October 22-26. Charles Thomson, leader of Philadelpia Commitee of Correspondence, was
selected to be Secretary of the Continental Congress.
- 56 delegates from 12 colonies (excluding Georgia) New Hampshire, Massachussets, Rhode Islands,
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North & South
Carolina.
- the Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British Trade and
petitioned King George III for redress and grievances.
 Annapolis Convention

- the first convention was June 22-25,1774. All sixteen counties

were represented by a total of 92 members. They elected Matthew
Tilgman as their chair.
- July 26,August 14 and December 7 1775
Declaration of the Association of the Freemen of Maryland.
- May 8-25, June 21-July 6 and August 14,
November 11. July 3,1776 a new convention be elected.
August 1 all freemen with property elected delegates for the last
convention was also known as the CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
OF 1776.
Constitutional Convention

- also known as the Philadelpia Convention,

the Federal Convention or the Grand
Convention at Philadelpia took place from
May 25 - September 17, 1787, in
Philadelpia, Pennysylvania. The convention
was inteded to revise the Articles of
Confederation, the intentio from the
outset of many of its proponents, chief
among them James Madison and
Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new
government rather than fix the existing
one. The delegates elected George
Washington to preside over the
convention.
19th Century
The Greatest Exhibition
- It was the first international
exhibition of culture and
industry held at Hyde Park,
London ( May 1- October 15,
1851 ). It was organized by
Henry Cole and Prince Albert.
First Impretionist Exhibition ( 1874 )
- The exhibition opened on April 15,
1874 on the second floor of 35
Boulevard des Capucines, Paris. Led by
the French artist Claude Monet, Edgar
Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille
Pissaro and Berthe Morisot. They have
thirty participants.
the Eiffel Tower Exposition Universelle in Paris ( 1889 )
the first Ferris Wheel ( 76 meters in diameter with 36
cars carrying 60 passengers each ) was created for the
World Columbian Expo in Chicago 1893
World Fair held on March 15 - September 13, 1970 in
Osaka was the first World Exposition in Asia.
the Congress in Vienna staged in 1814 to 1815, one of
the first international congresses in the world. The
Congress served as a venue for Diplomats to meet
together to preserve peace ( until WW1 ).
 Technology
Transportation 18th century
Used
1740 – Jacques de Vaucanson debuted his clockwork powered carriage
1769 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrates his fardier à vapeur, an experimental
steam-driven artillery tractor
1776 – First submarine to be propelled by screws, and the first military submarine
to attempt an attack on a ship, Turtle, is built by David Bushnell. The attack fails to
sink the HMS Eagle.
1783 – Joseph Montgolfier and Étienne Montgolfier launch the first hot air balloons
1783 – Jacques Charles and Les Frères Robert (Anne-Jean Robert and Nicolas-Louis
Robert) launch the first Hydrogen balloon
1784 – William Murdoch built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth,
England
 19th century
1801 – Richard Trevithick ran a full-sized steam 'road locomotive' on the road in Camborne, England[3]

1803 – Richard Trevithick built his 10-seater London Steam Carriage

1803 – William Symington's Charlotte Dundas, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat,
makes her first voyage.

1804 – Richard Trevithick built a prototype steam-powered railway locomotive and it ran on the Pen-y-Darren
Line near Merthyr Tydfil Wales

1804 – Oliver Evans (claimed to have) demonstrated a steam-powered amphibious vehicle.

1807 – Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat, the world's first commercially successful steamboat, makes her
maiden voyage.

1807 – Nicéphore Niépce installed his Pyréolophore internal combustion engine in a boat and powered up the
river Saone in France.
1812 - First commercially successful self-propelled engine on Land was Mathew Murray's
Salamanca on Middleton-Leeds Railway using toothed wheels and rail

1812 - Timothy Hackworth's "Puffing Billy" ran on smooth Cast Iron Rails at Wylam Colliery
near Newcastle

1814 – George Stephenson built the first practical steam-powered railway locomotive

"Blutcher" at Killingworth Colliery.

1816 – The most likely originator of the bicycle is the German, Baron Karl von Drais, who
rode his 1816 machine while collecting taxes from his tenants.

1819 – SS Savannah, the first vessel to cross the Atlantic Ocean partly under steam power,
arrives at Liverpool, Englandfrom Savannah, Georgia.

1822 - Stevenson built a locomotive and designed the railway for Hetton Colliery which is
first railway not to use any horse-traction but it did have several rope hauled sections.
1822 - First Meeting of Liverpool Manchester Railway Company Permanent Committee.

1825 Stevenson's Locomotion runs on Stockton Darlington railway which opens as first Public
railway and uses horses and self-propelled steam engines and stationary engines with ropes
along a single track. No stations and no timetables as anyone could hire the track to use their
own vehicle on it.

1825 - Sir Goldsworthy Gurney invented a series of steam-powered passenger carriages and

by 1829 completed the 120-mile journey from London to Bath, Somerset and back.

1826 - Bill passed for Liverpool Manchester railway at second attempt and George Stevenson
commences work on 35 mile twin track line permitting simultaneous travel in both directions
between the 2 towns. Means of traction not specified to reduce opposition.

1828 - Stevenson's "Lancashire Witch" runs on Bolton Leigh line - a public goods line to
connect Leeds Liverpool canal and Manchester Bury and Bolton canal. Railway has rope
hauled and self-propelled steam engines and single track.
1829 - Rainhill Trials to find best self-propelled engine for Liverpool Manchester line are
won by Robert Stevenson's Rocket proving there is no need for horse traction or static
engines on the main line.[9] Rocket becomes basic formula for all future steam engines
with boiler tubes, blast pipe, and the use of coal rather than coke.

1830 - Liverpool Manchester Railway opens. First public transport system without
animal traction, first public line with no rope hauled sections for main journey, first twin
track, first railway between 2 large towns, first timetabled trains, first railway stations,
first train faster than a mail coach, first tunnels under streets, first proper modern
railway which formed the template for all subsequent railways.[10]

1838 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Western, the first purpose-built

transatlantic steamship, inaugurates the first regular transatlantic steamship service.

1852 – Elisha Otis invents the safety elevator.

1853 – Sir George Cayley built and demonstrated the first heavier-than-air
aircraft (a glider)

1862 – Étienne Lenoir made a gasoline engine automobile

1863 - London's Metropolitan Railway opened to the public as the world's first

underground railway

1867 - first modern motorcycle was invented

1868 – George Westinghouse invented the compressed-air brake for railway

trains.

1868 – Louis-Guillaume Perreaux's steam velocipede, a steam engine attached

to a Michaux velocipede.

1880 – Werner von Siemens builds first electric elevator.

1883 - Karl Benz invents the first car powered by an internal combustion engine, he called
it the Benz Patent Motorwagen.

1894 – Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first motorcycle available to the public for

purchase.

1896 – Jesse W. Reno builds first escalator at Coney Island, and then reinstalls it on the

Manhattan side of the Brooklyn Bridge.

1897 – Charles Parsons' Turbinia, the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine, makes
her debut.

1897 – The most likely first electric bicycle was built in 1897 by Hosea W. Libbey.

1899 - Ferdinand von Zeppelin builds the first successful airship.

 Developement
As towns became more and more aware of the value
the organization of meetings had for them, a group
of businessmen decided in Detroit, Michigan, for the
first time in history, to employ a salesman to invite
meetings to be held in their town. In this way, the
first convention bureau was established, and so
1896 was the year when the industry officially came
into being.
The establishment of professional associations also
gives a useful, objective insight into the origination of
the industry. The following are some of the most
significant associations in the meetings industry, with
the year of their foundation given on the right side:
International Association of Exhibitions and Events
(IAEE) 1928
Professional Convention Management Association
(PCMA) 1957
Association Internationale des Palais de Congres (AIPC)
1958
International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA)
1963
European Federation of Conference Towns (EFCT) 1964
International Association of Professional Congress Organizers
(IAPCO) 1968
British Association of Conference Destinations (BACD) 1969
Meeting Professionals International (MPI) 1972
Meetings & Events Australia (MEA) 1975
Association of British Professional Conference Organizers
(ABPCO) 1981
Meeting Industry Association (MIA) 1990
As from 1960, there followed a continuous growth of investments into the infrastructure with the
purpose to support conferences, conventions, meetings and events. These investments amount to
dozens and hundredths of millions of pounds.
Some of them, in Great Britain: the Sheffield Arena (capacity 12.000, 45 million pounds), the
National Arena, Birmingham (capacity 13.000, 51 million pounds),the Wales Millennium Centre,
Cardiff (capacity 19.000, 104 million pounds).
Investments were made also in North America, Australia and Africa (especially in South Africa).
Sava Centar in Belgrade, the largest convention and business centre in the region, was built in 1977
with a capacity to host up to 4000 delegates.