Chapter 5

Diode Rectifiers

5-1
 Diode Rectifier Block Diagram

• Uncontrolled utility interface (ac to dc)

5-2
 A Simple Circuit

• Resistive load

5-3
 A Simple Circuit (R-L Load)

• Current continues to flows for a while even after the input

voltage has gone negative
5-4
 A Simple Circuit (Load has a dc back-emf)

• Current begins to flow when the input voltage exceeds the dc back-emf
• Current continues to flows for a while even after the input voltage has
gone below the dc back-emf
5-5
 Single-Phase Diode Rectifier Bridge

• Large capacitor at the dc output for filtering and energy

storage

5-6
 Diode-Rectifier Bridge Analysis

• Two simple (idealized) cases to begin with

5-7
 Redrawing Diode-Rectifier Bridge

• Two groups, each with two diodes

5-8
Waveforms with a
purely resistive load
and a purely dc current
at the output

• In both cases, the dc-side

voltage waveform is the same

5-9
 Diode-Rectifier Bridge Input Current

• Idealized case with a purely dc output current

5-10
 Diode-Rectifier Bridge Analysis with AC-
Side Inductance

• Output current is assumed to be purely dc

5-11
 Understanding Current Commutation

• Assuming inductance in this circuit to be zero

5-12
 Understanding Current Commutation (cont.)

• Inductance in this circuit is included

5-13
 Current Commutation Waveforms

• Shows the volt-seconds needed to commutate current

5-14
 Current Commutation in Full-Bridge Rectifier

• Shows the necessary volt-seconds

5-15
 Understanding Current Commutation

• Note the current loops for analysis

5-16
Rectifier with a dc-
side voltage

5-17
 DC-Side Voltage and Current Relationship

• Zero current corresponds to dc voltage equal to the peak of

the input ac voltage

5-18
 Effect of DC-Side Current on
THD, PF and DPF

• Very high THD at low current values

5-19
 Crest Factor versus the Current Loading

• The Crest Factor is very high at low values of current

5-20
 Diode-Rectifier with a Capacitor Filter

• Power electronics load is represented by an equivalent load

resistance

5-21
 Diode Rectifier Bridge

• Equivalent circuit for analysis on one-half cycle basis

5-22
 Diode-Bridge Rectifier: Waveforms

• Analysis using MATLAB

5-23
 Diode-Bridge Rectifier: Waveforms

• Analysis using PSpice

5-24
 Input Line-Current Distortion

• Analysis using PSpice

5-25
 Line-Voltage Distortion

• PCC is the point of common coupling

5-26
 Line-Voltage Distortion

• Distortion in voltage supplied to other loads

5-27
 Voltage Doubler Rectifier

• In 115-V position, one capacitor at-a-time is charged from the

input.
5-28
 A Three-Phase, Four-Wire System

• A common neutral wire is assumed

5-29
 Current in A Three-Phase, Four-Wire
System

• The current in the neutral wire can be very high

5-30
 Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier

• Commonly used

5-31
 Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier: Redrawn

• Two groups with three diodes each

5-32
 Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier Waveforms

• Output current is
assumed to be dc

5-33
 Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier: Input
Line-Current

• Assuming output current to be purely dc and zero ac-side

inductance
5-34
 Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier

• Including the ac-side inductance

5-35
 3-Phase Rectifier: Current Commutation

• output
current is
assumed to be
purely dc

5-36
 Rectifier with a Large Filter Capacitor

• Output voltage is assumed to be purely dc

5-37
 Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier

• THD, PF and DPF as functions of load current

5-38
 Crest Factor versus the Current Loading

• The Crest Factor is very high at low values of current

5-39
 Three-Phase Rectifier Waveforms

• PSpice-based analysis

5-40