STRUCTURES in ENGLISH

I. S + V ( + adv)
II. S + V + adj
III. S + V + O (+ adv)
IV. S + V + DO + to/for + IO (+adv)
= S + V + IO + DO (+ adv)

V. S + V + O + OC (+ adv)
 I. S + V ( + adv)
Adverbs
• Always
• Yesterday morning When? Where?
• In the room
• At 7 a.m
Why? How?
• For about 5 years
• For sickness

• She smiled.
• The sun rises in the East.
 Formal subject: “It”
• It’s hard to say “I love you”
 II. S + V + adj
• Be
• Linking verbs: sound, smell, seem, look, …

• He is nice.
• They look tired.
 III. S + V + O (+ adv)
• I like beef.
IV. S + V + DO + to/for + IO (+adv)
= S + V + IO + DO (+ adv)

• We send an SOS to our mother.

• She buys a present for me.

• To: send, write, show, give, bring, offer, owe, lend,

tell, teach, hand, sell, …

• For: buy, make, leave, choose, build, …

• Give it to me = give me it ?
 Subjects
1. A word:
2. A phrase
3. A clause
 A word
• A noun: love is blind.

• A pronoun: he is clever.

• A to inf: to see is to believe.

• A gerund: seeing is believing.

• An adj used as a noun: the rich are not always happy.

 A phrase
• To mock those who stammer is cruel.
• To play with children is necessary.

• Mocking those who stammer is cruel.

• Respecting old people is good.
 A clause
• That
That he is a talent in music is obvious.

• Whether/if
Whether he can come on time is unknown.

• Wh-word
Why he killed himself is a mystery.
 Objects
1. A word
2. A phrase
3. A clause
 A word
• A noun: he likes ice-cream.

• A pronoun: she idolizes him.

• A to inf: they want to surrender.

• A gerund: I like swimming.

• An adj used as a noun: the rich should help the

poor.
 A phrase
• I refuse to take his order.
• Don’t risk climbing up that tree.
 A clause
• I think that he cried for the moon.
• She wonders whether/if they are married.
• They know where she lives.
 V. S + V + O + OC (+ adv)
1. OC = noun

• We elected him monitor.

• We consider him a saint.
• They call him a coward.
• They named him Tom.
2. OC = Adj

• We made her sad.

• She considered this matter important.
• The sun keeps us warm.
• She dyed her hair blue.
• He painted his room black.
3. OC = an infinitive (with to or without to)

• I persuaded him to accept our plan.

• We had him wash our car.
4. OC = gerund

• Don’t keep her waiting long.

• I caught him cheating in the exam.

• See, watch, hear, observe, smell, … (V or Ving)

• I saw him sitting in the park
5. OC = V3

• I saw a lot of villages destroyed by bombs.

• She had her hair done.
VI. S + V + SC ( + adv)