The document provides an overview of parts of speech in English including nouns, adjectives, prepositions, verbs, and adverbs. It discusses the formation and typical positions of each part of speech in sentences. For nouns, it describes common suffixes used in noun formation such as -er, -ion, -ment, and -ing. It also lists the typical positions of nouns, such as subject, object, after articles and determiners. Similarly, it outlines the formation and typical positions of adjectives, prepositions, verbs, and adverbs in sentences. The document concludes with exercises to practice identifying and using the different parts of speech.
The document provides an overview of parts of speech in English including nouns, adjectives, prepositions, verbs, and adverbs. It discusses the formation and typical positions of each part of speech in sentences. For nouns, it describes common suffixes used in noun formation such as -er, -ion, -ment, and -ing. It also lists the typical positions of nouns, such as subject, object, after articles and determiners. Similarly, it outlines the formation and typical positions of adjectives, prepositions, verbs, and adverbs in sentences. The document concludes with exercises to practice identifying and using the different parts of speech.
The document provides an overview of parts of speech in English including nouns, adjectives, prepositions, verbs, and adverbs. It discusses the formation and typical positions of each part of speech in sentences. For nouns, it describes common suffixes used in noun formation such as -er, -ion, -ment, and -ing. It also lists the typical positions of nouns, such as subject, object, after articles and determiners. Similarly, it outlines the formation and typical positions of adjectives, prepositions, verbs, and adverbs in sentences. The document concludes with exercises to practice identifying and using the different parts of speech.
TÓM TẮT NỘI DUNG BÀI HỌC VÀ BÀI TẬP LESSON 3 LỚP B2-2
I. DANH TỪ: VỊ TRÍ CỦA DANH TỪ TRONG CÂU:
• Two boys are playing football in the garden. • She buys books • - Là chủ ngữ/Tân ngữ (sau động từ) • They are interesting books. • - Sau tính từ (adj + N) • He is a student. • - Sau mạo từ: a /an / the • These flowers are beautiful. • - Sau từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … • She needs some water • - Sau từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several ... • My friends are good • - Sau tính từ sở hữu:my, his, her, your, our, their, its… • He is interested in music • Sau các cụm Tính từ + giới từ • I don’t have enough money to buy these books • It’s such an interesting book that I couldn’t take my eyes off it. • There are so many books on the tabl. • Sau cấu trúc ENOUGH, SUCH Cách thành lập danh từ: Formation NOUNS Verb + er/ or/ ant Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant................... Verb + ion Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision.................. Verb + ment/ al Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval...................... Verb + ing Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building..................... Adj + ness Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness, sickness.......... Adj + ty Safety, loyalty, variety, ability, honesty, cruelty,.................... Adj + th Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength...................................... Adj + dom Freedom, wisdom, boredom.............................. Noun + ist/ ian Guitarish, novelish, violinist, musician, physician, historian.................... Noun + ism Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism........................ Noun + ship Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship............................ Noun + hood Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood..................... Super/ over/ sub/ sur +N Supermarket, superman overexpenditure subway overexpenditure II. TÍNH TỪ: VỊ TRÍ CỦA TÍNH TỪ TRONG CÂU: • - Đứng trước danh từ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ: She is a beautiful girl. • - Đứng sau động từ TOBE: She is tall. • - Sau Stative verbs: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem • VD: It becomes hot. She feels sad. • - Sau trạng từ (adv + adj) VD: It is extremely cold. I’m terribly sorry. • She is very beautiful. • - Sau too ( be + too + adj) VD: That house is too small. • - Trước enough (be + adj + enough) VD: The house isn‟t large enough. • - Trong cấu trúc: (be + so + adj + that ) VD: She was so angry that she can‟t speak. • - Sau A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + N • VD: My new car is blue • - Sau Đại từ bất định (something, someone, anything, anybody, everything, nobody…) + Adj • VD: Do you have anything important to tell me? Cách thành lập tính từ: • Adding suffixes to nouns – y dirty, smelly, tasty / – ic atomic , poetic, strategic – ical technical, practical / – ful powerful, wonderful , hopeful – less powerless, hopeless, meaningless / – ing interesting , boring – ish British, childish, Irish, foolish – eous, -ious, -ous spontaneous, hideous, ambitious, anxious, dangerous. • Adding suffixes to verbs • –able washable, lovable, readable • –ing , running , dancing, walking • –ive active, passive, objective III. GIỚI TỪ: VỊ TRÍ CỦA GIỚI TỪ: • Sau động từ “to be”, trước danh từ • Ex: The eraser is on the table. – Cục tẩy nằm ở trên bàn. • => Cụm giới từ “on the table” đứng sau động từ “to be” để chỉ vị trí của chủ ngữ “the eraser”. • Sau động từ • Giới từ trong tiếng Anh có thể đứng liền sau động từ hoặc bị một từ khác chen giữa động từ và giới từ. • Ex: I live in Ha Noi. – Tôi sống ở Thủ đô Hà Nội • Đứng sau để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ • Ex: The video about Japanese food. – Video về ẩm thực Nhật Bản. • => Cụm giới từ “about Japanese food” bổ nghĩa cho danh từ “video”. • Sau tính từ => Prepositional phrases • Ex: She is not angry with you. – Cô ấy không giận bạn. Các loại cụm giới từ phổ biến: • They first met at a party. (preposition + noun phrase) • She was taken ill during the film. (preposition + noun phrase) • Would you like to come with me please? (preposition + pronoun) • From there, it’ll take you about half an hour to our house. (preposition + adverb) • Until quite recently, no one knew about his paintings. (preposition + adverb phrase) • She’s decided on doing a Chinese language course. (preposition + -ing clause) • It’s a machine for making ice-cream. (preposition + -ing clause) • If you can wait until after my meeting with Jack, we can talk then. (preposition + prepositional phrase) • We were really surprised at what they wrote. (preposition + wh-clause) • They’ve moved far into the country. • They left the party just before us. • You can’t miss it. His office is almost opposite the coffee machine. • Are you interested in photography? (Adjective + preposition) • Do these keys belong to you? (verb + preposition) • She really looks up to her grandfather. (phrasal verb + preposition) Các cụm tính từ và giới từ phổ biến: IV. ĐỘNG TỪ: VỊ TRÍ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG CÂU: • Động từ thường: • Đứng sau Chủ ngữ.trước Tân ngữ (có thể là danh từ hoặc đại từ): I play football every afternoon. • Đứng sau động từ Can/ will/should/need to…: I can play football. • Động từ Tobe: • I am a student./ I am handsome./ I am at home/ there are a lot of students. • I am watching TV (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) • Trước giới từ: (trong cụm động từ - giới từ/ phrasal verbs) • Do these keys belong to you? • She really looks up to her grandfather. Cách thành lập động từ: Formular Verbs Dis + verb Dislike, disagree, discharge, disappear, disappoint................... Mis + verb Mislead, misread, misunderstand,.......................... Out + verb Outrun, outlive, outnumber,............................. Over + verb Overweigh, overpay, overturn, overheat, overcharge......................... Re + verb Rewrite, reuse, recycle, return, retell, recall,............................. Under + verb Underdevelop, underdo, underline, undercharge, undersign..................... En + adj Enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage, endanger............... ADJ/ noun + en Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, soften Adj/ noun + ise/ ize Socialize, memorize, industrialize,sympathise economise.................. V. TRẠNG TỪ: VỊ TRÍ CỦA TRẠNG TỪ: • Phần lớn trạng từ được thành lập như sau: adv = adj + ly • Ví dụ: slowly, directly, peacefully,... • VỊ TRÍ CỦA TRẠNG TỪ TRONG CÂU: • - Đứng sau động từ thường để chỉ cách thức của động từ đó: lives happily • - Đứng trước động từ thường. • She suddenly opened the door and saw a cat.= She opened the door suddenly and saw a cat. • - Giữa cụm động từ VD: She has already finished the job. • - Đối với các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường đứng ở đầu câu hoặc cuối câu. • Yesterday, I played badminton. • Unfortunately, I couldn‟t come the party. • - Trước Adj VD : I meet an extremely handsome man. • - Sau too (V + too + adv) VD: They walked too slowly to catch the bus. • - Trong cấutrúc (V + so + adv + that) VD: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. • - Trước enough (V + adv + enough ) • You should write clearly enough for every body to read. Các trạng từ đặc biệt: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late : trễ, chậm BUT lately (adv):gần đây - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ BUT hardly (adv): hầu như không - soon (a) soon (adv): sớm - early (a) early (adv): sớm Lưu ý: Nếu câu có tân ngữ -> trạng từ phải đứng sau tân ngữ: He studies English badly/she studies badly English?=> He studies English badly Trong câu bị động, trạng từ đứng trước động từ bị động: Two houses were damaged badly/badly damaged after the storm?=> Two houses were badly damaged after the storm. Đứng trước tân ngữ phải là tính từ: She speaks perfect English
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Thực hành: Bước 1: Bỏ qua các khoảng trống, đọc lướt để hiểu nội dung Bước 2: Xác định từ loại ở mỗi khoảng trống sau đó tra từ điển Cambridge hoặc Oxford để tìm đúng dạng từ của từ loại cần điền