University of Gujrat

Hafiz Hayat Campus

Department of Mathematics
Presented to:
Ms. Aiman Zubair
Presented by:
Syeda Isma Mubeen
Roll No:
16351509-024
Program:
BS-Mathematics
Course title:
Calculus-I
Course code:
MATH-101
Derivative as a function:
•  Definition:
• The derivative of a function w.r.t variable is function whose value at
is

provided the limit exists.

A function is said to be differentiable at if exists. More generally a
function is said to be differentiable on if it is differentiable at every
point in an open set and a differentiable function is one in which
exists on its domain.
Example # 1
• 
• Find the derivative of

• Solution:
 
Start directly with the definition of Substitue
derivative & into.
function.
Multiply numerator and denominator by without
disturbing in the denominator.
Multiply the numerator and simplify.
Cancel the.
Evaluate the limit
Example # 2
• 
• Find the derivative of

• Solution:
 
Substitue & into.
Expand .
Simplify.
Factor out from the numerator
Cancel the common factor of.
Evaluate the limit
Derivative as a function
•  14
Graphing the derivative:
Slope 0
𝑦=𝑓(𝑥)
12
A
We often make a reasonable plot Slope≈8/4=2 y-
10 Slope -1 unit/x-unit
B
of derivative of by estimating the C Slope -4/3 E
≈8 y-units
8

slopes on the graph of. That is, 6

D
we plot the points ) in the -plane 4 Slope 0

≈4 x-units
and correct them with a smooth 2

curve, which represents -5

0
0 5 10 15 20
Cont…
••  
Differentiable on an interval; one-sided derivatives

A function is differentiable on an open interval (finite or infinite) if it has a derivative at each

point of the interval. It is differentiable on a closed interval if it is differentiable on the interior and
if the limits

 
Right hand derivative at

Left had derivative at

Right-hand and left-hand derivatives may be defined at any point of a function’s domain. The
usual relation between one-sided and two-sided limits holds for these derivatives.
Example
••  
is not a differentiable at

We apply the definition to examine if the derivative exists at

Since the (right-hand) limit is not finite, there is no derivative at . Since the
slopes of the secant lines joining the origin to the points on a graph of approach the
graph has a vertical tangent at the origin.
Cont.…
••  When Does a Function Not Have a Derivative at a Point?
A function has a derivative at a point if the slopes of the secant lines through and a
nearby point Q on the graph approach a limit as Q approaches P. Whenever the secants fail
to take up a limiting position or become vertical as Q approaches P, the derivative does not
exist. Thus differentiability is a “smoothness” condition on the graph of ƒ. A function
whose graph is otherwise smooth will fail to have a derivative at a point for several reasons,
such as at points where the graph has
  a cusp, where the slope of PQ. approaches from one
2.
1. A corner, where the one-sided derivatives differ
side and from the other
Cont.…
 3. a vertical tangent, where the 4. a discontinuity
slope of PQ approaches from both
sides or approaches from both sides
(here, ).
Theorem:
 
• Differentiability Implies Continuity:
If has a derivative at , then is continuous at
Proof:

Given that exists, we must show that or equivalently, that If then

Now take limit as .

Thank You