Math Reviewer: Second Quarter Constructing the Table of Signs and

By Dayn Llenos ₊˚⊹ᰔ Sketching the Graph

I. Polynomial Functions
Polynomial Functions
● A function is considered to be a
polynomial function if it follows the
format of
● n, in the function, must be a
non-negative integer and that aₙ
must never equal to 0
● Examples of Polynomial Functions
● Before sketching the graph once
you’ve found the intercepts, you
have to construct a table of signs,
which contains intervals you get
when the x-intercepts partition the
x-axis
● Once you’ve found your intervals,
you have to start constructing the
table of signs, which follows this
order:
Table of Signs for x² - 7x + 12 = y
Interval x<3 3<x<4 x>4

Test Values 2 3.5 5

Sign when
- + +
x-3

Sign when
- - +
x-4
Finding the Intercepts of the Graph of a
Sign of y + - +
Polynomial Function
● The intercepts of the graph of a Position of the
polynomial function pertain to the graph relative to Above Below Above
the x-axis
values of x and y if either variable
equal to 0 ● Sign of y, upon multiplying the sign
○ x-intercepts are the values of the factors
of x if y=0 ○ Positive (+) - the position of
○ y-intercepts are the values the graph relative to the
of y if x=0 x-axis is ABOVE
○ Negative (-) - the position
of the graph relative to the
x-axis is BELOW

dayn llenos ₊˚⊹ᰔ| 10-curie ‘26

Sketching the Graph The Multiplicity of the Zero
Graph of x² - 7x + 12 = y ● Used to determine if the graph
crosses or is tangent to the x-axis
Behavior of Graph
Multiplicity Relative to X-Axis at
this Zero

Odd Crosses the x-axis

Even Tangent to x-axis

The Turning Points of a Graph

● Determining the number of turning
points using the degree of the
polynomial function
● The most number of turning points
in a graph would be n-1, wherein n
● Upon sketching the graph, you
is the degree of the function
have to take into consideration of
● When looking for the number of
where the graph passes through in
possible turning points, (n-1)
the x-axis and y-axis using the
gradually decreases by 2, until it
intercepts
reaches the least number of turning
points
Behavior of the Graph of a Polynomial
● In terms of the lowest number of
Function
turning points…
The Leading Coefficient Test
● Used to determine the end Degree Least Number of
Turning Points
behavior of a graph
Leading End Odd 0
Degree
Coefficient Behaviors
Even 1
Falling to the
Odd Positive left, rising to
the right
II. Circles
Rising to the
Odd Negative left, falling to
Circles
the left ● A shape formed by points in a plane
that are equidistant from a center
Rising to both
Even Positive ● It has no corners or edges
left and right

Falling to both
Even Negative Parts of a Circle
left and right
● Radius
○ A segment where an
endpoint is in the center
while the other endpoint is
on the circle

dayn llenos ₊˚⊹ᰔ| 10-curie ‘26

 ● Diameter ● Sector
○ A segment where both ○ A region bounded by an arc
endpoints are on the circle of a circle and the two radii
and passes through the to the endpoints of the arc
center ○ Formula for Area =
○ The longest type of chord ● Segment
● Chord ○ A region bounded by an arc
○ A segment where both and the segment joining its
endpoints are any point on endpoints
the circle
● Semicircle
○ An arc whose measure is
half the circumference of a
circle
○ Its degree measure is always
180°
● Minor Arc
○ An arc whose measure is
less than a semicircle
○ Its degree measure is the
measure of the central
angle, which intercepts the
arc
● Major Arc
○ An arc whose measure is Arcs and Angles of Circles
more than a semicircle ● Arc Addition Posulate - The
○ Its degee measure is 360° measure of an arc formed by two
minus the degree measure adjacent arcs is the sum of the
of the minor arc, with the measures of the two arcs
same endpoints ● Length of an Arc -
● Central Angle ○ l = Length of the Arc
○ An angle formed by two ○ θ = Degree measure of the
radii of a circle and whose Arc
vertex is the center ○ r = Radius of the circle
● Inscribed Angle ● Sum of Central Angles - the sum
○ An angle formed by two of the central angles with no
chords of a circle and whose common interior points is 360°
vertex is any point on the
circle

dayn llenos ₊˚⊹ᰔ| 10-curie ‘26

Theorems on Central Angles, Arcs, and
Chords
● In a circle/two equal circles, two
minor arcs are equal if their
corresponding central angles are
equal
● In a circle, the diameter bisects a
chord and an arc with the same
endpoints only if it is perpendicular
to the chord

Theorems on Inscribed Angles

● If an angle is inscribed in a circle,
then its measure is ½ the measure
of its intercepted arc

● In a circle/two equal circles, two

minor arcs are equal if their
corresponding chords are equal

● If two angles intercept the same or

equal arc/s, then the angles are
equal

● If an angle intercepts a semicircle,

● In a circle/two equal circles, two then the angle is a right angle
central angles are equal if their
corresponding chords are equal

● If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a
circle, then the opposite angles are
supplementary

dayn llenos ₊˚⊹ᰔ| 10-curie ‘26

 III. Tangents and Secants
Tangent
● A line that intersects the circle at
exactly one point
● Only one line can be drawn tangent
to a circle
Secant
● A line that intersects the circle at
two points
Theorems on Tangent Line
● If a line is tangent to a circle, then
it is perpendicular to the radius
drawn to the circle
● If a line is perpendicular to a radius
of a circle at its endpoint on the
circle, then the line is tangent to
the circle
● If two segments from the same
exterior point are tangent to a
circle, then both segments are
equal
dayn llenos ₊˚⊹ᰔ| 10-curie ‘26
Theorems on Angles formed by Tangents
and Secants
● The measure of an angle formed by
two secants intersecting outside of
a circle is ½ the difference between
the its intercepted arcs
● The measure of an angle formed by
a secant and a tangent intersecting
at the point of tangency is ½ the
intercepted arc
● The measure of an angle formed by
a secant and tangent intersecting
outside a circle is ½ of the
difference of its intercepted arcs
● The measure of an angle formed by
two tangents intersecting outside a
circle is ½ of the difference of its
intercepted arcs
● The measure of an angle formed by
two secants intersecting within a
circle is ½ of the sum of its
intercepted arcs
Theorem on Two Intersecting Chords
● If two chords in a circle intersect,
then the product of the measures
of the segments of one chord is
equal to the product of the
measures of the segments of the
other chord
External Secant Segment
● The external secant segment is the
part of a secant segment just
outside the circle
dayn llenos ₊˚⊹ᰔ| 10-curie ‘26
Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent
Segments, and External Secant
Segments
● Two Secant-Power Theorem
○ If two secant segments are
drawn from an exterior
point, the product of the
length of one secant
segment and its external
secant segment is equal to
the product of the length of
the other secant segment
and its external secant
segment
● Tangent-Secant Power Theorem
○ If a tangent segment and a
secant segment are drawn
from an exterior point, then
the square of the length of
the tangent segment is
equal to the product of the
length of the secant
segment and its external
secant segment