LECTURE 11

LEARNING LEVEL-1,2

DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING FORMS

Framed Building Structures

Instr Said Ul Amin

 WHAT IS A STRUCTURE?

• A structure is a system of inter connected elements to carry

loads safely to under ground earth. 
 BUILDING STRUCTURE
• Basically in building structures there are Two types of
structures:

(1) Framed structure

(2) Confined structure.
COMPONENTS OF FRAMED BUILDING
STRUCTURE
This building has
ground floor, first floor,
second floor
•The vertical elements
are the columns.
•The horizontal bands
are the beams.
•The flat surface on
which you can stand is
the slab.
COMPONENTS OF FRAMED
BUILDING STRUCTURE

• Walls, windows are

added later to give
protection to
inhabitants.
• The loads such as
human beings,
furniture etc is carried
by this frame.
• The walls have no role
except protecting the
inhabitants from
weather.
COMPONENTS OF FRAMED BUILDING
STRUCTURE

This is a completed
building as a framed
building.

From the photo, you

can see the
Red color; brick
walls,
Grey color; - vertical
columns and beams.
 What is the material of construction of
these framed buildings?
• Most of the framed buildings are constructed in
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC).
• RCC is a composite material that is it is made of concrete
+ steel.
• Concrete is obtained by mixing cement, sand, small stone
chips, water in required proportion.
• Steel used is called reinforcement. They are round in
shape and can be plain or twisted as per requirement.
• Reinforcement takes care of the weaknesses the
concrete has and hence results in economical composite
material.
FRAMED BUILDING
 TYPES OF FRAMED BUILDINGS

Structural steel frame construction

Reinforced concrete construction
 Precast Concrete Construction
 Composite construction (Cast In-situ)
Modular system construction
Portal frame construction
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
• High number of design options
• Skeletal framework often complex
• Loads carried by beams
• Structure is covered by cladding
• Large use of glass and plastic
• Large shopping centres, sports centres and multi-storey offices.
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
Roof spans between main beams
Main beams Tie Beam

Secondary beam

Floor spans between main

Stanchions
beams
 REINFORCED CONCRETE
• Alternative to steel frame

• Columns support beams on which are laid slab flooring sections

• Columns, beams and slabs integrally cast to form a monolithic

structure

• Two common methods of construction.

 TYPE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

1. Pre cast reinforced concrete frame

• Factory produced frame components

• Transported for assembly on site
• Similar techniques to steel frame.
PRE CAST CONCRETE SLAB
 TYPE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

2. Composite construction

• Utilises the advantages of modern lightweight structural

steelwork

• ‘Marriage’ between steelwork & pre cast concrete columns.

 COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
Concrete
Spine beam

Steel
Spine
Gable beam.
columns
 MODULAR STRUCTURES

•High design flexibility

•Specially designed connectors

•Encased in concrete to provide a degree of fire and corrosion

protection.
MODULAR BUILDING
TYPICAL MODULAR CONNECTOR
 PORTAL FRAME CONSTRCUTION

• Portal frame structures can be constructed using a variety of

materials and methods. These include steel, reinforced concrete
and laminated timber such as glulam (Glue-Laminated Timber).
HOLLOW BLOCK AND PLANK FLOORING

R.C. edge beam

Concrete ribs
Hollow clay
floor blocks Concrete topping

Ceiling Voids
finish
Reinforcement Filler tiles
THANKS