By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

GENDER SENSITIVITY
TRAINING
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By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

HOUSERULES
HOUSE RULES

10 min break every 50 min

Honor. Patriotism. Duty.
By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

TRAINING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this presentation, the participants are able to:
1. Distinguish the difference between the concepts of sex
and gender;
2. Learn that their roles and identities are affected by their
sex;
3. Realize that social institutions are agents responsible in
the acquisition of traditional, and outdated gender roles
and identities if women and men;
4. Define Biological Determinism and Social
Constructionism; and
5. Understand the effects of Gender Differences Theories.

Honor. Patriotism. Duty.

 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SCOPE
Basic Concepts Related to Gender and Development (GAD)
 Sex VS Gender
 Acquisition of Gender Roles and Identities
 Gender Differences Theories

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 REFERENCES
• Gonzales-Esquivel, M. nd. Gender Sensitivity Training PowerPoint presentation.
• Office of the Army Gender and Development. nd. GST Trainers’ Handbook: A Step
Towards a Fully Gender-Sensitive Philippine Army
• Andersen, M.L., K.A. & Taylor H.F. (2005). Understanding society: an introductory
reader (2nd e.d.) Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
• Robert J Brym & John Lie, Sociology: Pop Culture to Social Structure, 3 rd e.d.,
Wadsworth
• Henslin, JM. (2006). Essentials of Sociology: A down-to-earth approach (6 th e.d.).
Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon
 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

MODULE 2: BASIC CONCEPTS RELATED

TO GAD

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By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SEX VS GENDER

Sex and Gender: Is

there a difference?

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SEX VS GENDER
WORKSHOP 2.1: SEX OR GENDER, What is it?
DIRECTIONS: On your paper, write S if the term refers to SEX and G if
it refers to GENDER

1. Hormones
2. XX
3. Leader
4. Penis
5. Follower
6. Carpentry

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SEX VS GENDER
SEX -is concerned with differentiating
people based on biological attributes
such as:
• physical - body contour,
features, genitals,
reproductive organs
• genetic - chromosomes,
hormones
• label - female or male; man

or woman
-is universal and fixed i.e., does not
change in time or location

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SEX VS GENDER
BECAUSE OF SEX, THERE ARE DESIGNATED
SEX/BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN!
Impregnation Getting pregnant Giving birth

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SEX VS GENDER

On the other hand

Gender is….

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SEX VS GENDER
GENDER -is concerned with differentiating
people based on perceptions,
roles, and social expectations

-It is concerned about

femininity or masculinity
-are the characteristics, attitudes,
feelings, and behaviors that
SOCIETY expects of females and
males

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SEX VS GENDER

THEREFORE…
Gender is learned or
acquired, and changes
from country to country
or through time.
Video Presentation:
Girl and Boy

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

How do we learn and acquire our

gender identities?

We learn through Gender role socialization…

the lifelong process of learning to be masculine or
feminine, primarily through four main agents of
socialization: families, schools, peers, and the media.

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

What Influences Gender Roles & Identities?

Families are usually the primary source of
socialization and greatly impact gender role
socialization.
Albert Bandura’s Social
learning theory suggests
that the babies and children
learn behaviors and
meanings through social
interaction and internalize
the expectations of those
around them.

Honor. Patriotism. Duty.

 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

What Influences Gender Roles & Identities?

Schools also socialize children into their gender roles.

- For instance, research

shows that teachers treat
boys and girls differently.

- This may teach children

that there are different
expectations of them, based
on their sex.

Honor. Patriotism. Duty.

 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

What Influences Gender Roles & Identities?

Peer groups are an important agent of socialization.
– Teens are rewarded by peers when they conform to gender
norms and stigmatized when they do not.

Honor. Patriotism. Duty.

 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

What Influences Gender Roles & Identities?

Media: television, movies, magazines, books, video games, and so on,
portray sex-role behavior in a highly stereotypical manner.

The New York Film Academy Blog, New Gender Inequality in Film Infographic Updated in 2018, Perrone, JJ.[jpg]. Retrieved from https://www.nyfa.edu/film-school-
blog/gender-inequality-in-film-infographic-updated-in-2018

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

GENDER DIFFERENCES: MEN AND WOMEN

The only difference between men and women lies in their

SEX (biological attributes and roles defined by biology)
but never in their GENDER…

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

THEORIES RELATED TO GENDER DIFFERENCES

1. Most of the time what we are born with (our SEX)

determines our gender roles and identities, this is what we
call…
Biological Determinism

2. What determines our gender roles and identities depends

on what society dictates, it is…

Social Constructionism

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM

Biological Determinism is a social theory which provides that –

the Biological Differences between women and men dictate

a difference in social roles and personality.

these differences reinforce the notion that men are superior

and women are inferior.

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM
Social Constructionism is a theory of knowledge that holds –
Differences in behavior between men and women are
entirely Social Conventions. Sees SOCIETY as the basis
for gender identity. Several countries around the world
such as Arab countries, Africa and India still considers
women to be the minority and do not have equal access
and rights in their societies as do men.
these differences, again, reinforce the notion that men are
superior and women are inferior.

Honor. Patriotism. Duty.

 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

EFFECTS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES

The assignment of gender roles, responsibilities, characteristics and
expectations by society created a divide between men and women
as they were put in their respective boxes –
Hence, certain roles, traits and characteristics are assigned or ascribed
distinctly and strictly to women or to men

- Macho - Weak
- Brave - Submissive
- Fighter - Caretaker
- Leader - Cry baby
- Breadwinner - Martyr
- Decision-maker - Fickle-minded
- Polygamous - Moody

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

EFFECTS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES

DENIED MEN ACCESS TO: DENIED WOMEN ACCESS TO:

• Be a nurturer • Work
• Express emotions • Achievement
• Other-oriented WORLD • Independence
OF DOMESTIC LIFE • Power

LIMITATIONS
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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

EFFECTS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES

WORKSHOP 2.4: Identification of Limitations of

MEN and WOMEN in Peace and Security Sector
(15 min)

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 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

EFFECTS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES

• These LIMITATIONS on men, and more particularly on
WOMEN hindered their potentials to develop, thereby
resulting to gender subordination and biases –

Economic Marginalization
Political Subordination
Gender Stereotyping
Multiple Burden
Gender-Based Violence (GBV)

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 ECONOMIC MARGINALIZATION

• Women’s work, especially

their reproductive
functions of child
bearing, child rearing and
family care and
housework, are not
considered as directly
contributing to economic
development.
POLITICAL SUBORDINATION

Imposing that power and leadership in

the home, community, workplace, and
in society must be occupied by men.

Preventing or blocking the person from

going up the ladder because of their
sex.
 GENDER STEREOTYPING

 Automatic labels,
characteristics or roles given
to men and women that are
dictated by culture and
society.
MULTIPLE BURDEN

• Assumption and performance of

several tasks or responsibilities
• Even if women hold jobs
outside the home, essentially
putting in the same working
hours as the men, and
participate in community
activities, housework and
child family care are still
primarily considered as
women’s concerns.
 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

• Gender Based Violence (GBV) is an umbrella term for any

harm that is perpetrated against a person’s will as a result of
power inequities based on gender roles.

Physical Abuse Psychological Abuse Economic Abuse

 By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.

THANK YOU CADETS!

THE END

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