Lec-07

Lec-08 Series, shunt and

compound generator &
problem solutions
 Separately excited DC
Generator
It is a type of DC generator, in which the field windings are excited from a separate
source of supply. The following figure shows the circuit diagram of a separately excite
dc generator. In the above circuit diagram,
If – Field current,
 Ia – Armature current, 
IL – Load current,
Ra – Armature winding resistance, 
V – terminal voltage
Let Vbr be the voltage drop at the brush contacts.
Armature current is given by, Ia = IL
Applying Kirchoff’s Voltage Law to the armature circuit,
 Eg – Ia Ra – V – Vbr = 0
Thus, the generated Emf equation Eg = Ia Ra + V + Vbr
Power developed in the DC generator = Eg Ia
Power delivered to the load = V Ia
Example 2.29. A separately excited generator when running at 1200 r.p.m.
supplies 200 A at 125 V to a circuit of constant resistance. What will be the load
current when the speed is dropped to 1000 r.p.m. if the field current is
unaltered ? Armature resistance = 0.04 and total drop at brushes = 2V.
Example: A separately excited DC generator, when running at 1000 rpm supplied 200A at
125V. What will be the load current when the speed drops to 800 rpm if IF is unchanged?
Given that the armature resistance 0.04Ω and brush drop 2V.
 DC Shunt Generator
In DC shunt type generator, the field windings are connected across or in parallel with the armature
conductors.
The field winding has more number of turns and thin wire, having high resistance.
The load is connected across the armature as shown in the diagram below.
A small amount of current will flow through the field winding and more current flows through the
armature.
In the above circuit diagram,
Ish – Shunt field current, Ia – Armature current, IL – Load current,

Ra – Armature winding resistance, V – terminal voltage, Vbr – Brush

contact drop

Armature current is given by, Ia = IL + Ish

Shunt field current Ish = V/Rsh,

Where Rsh – shunt field resistance

Terminal voltage equation is given by, V = Eg – Ia Ra – Vbr

Power developed in the DC generator = Eg Ia

Example 2.23. A 100 kW, 240 V shunt generator has a field
resistance of 55 Ώ and armature resistance of 0-067 Ώ Find the
full-load generated voltage.

Solution.
Fig. 2.42 shows the shunt generator circuit.
Example 2.24. A 4-pole d.c. shunt generator with a wave-wound armature has to
supply a load of 500 lamps each of 100 W at 250 V. Allowing 10 V for the voltage
drop in the connecting leads between the generator and the load and drop of 1 V
per brush, calculate the speed at which the generator should be driven. The flux
per pole is 30 mWb and the armature and shunt field resistances are
respectively 0.05 Ω and 65 Ω. The number of armature conductors is 390.
2.26. A 4-pole lap-wound d.c. shunt generator has a useful flux per pole of 0-07
Wb. The armature winding consists of 220 turns, each of 0.004 2 resistance.
Calculate the terminal voltage when running at 900 r.p.m. if the armature current
is 50 A.
2. 28. A d.c. shunt generator has an induced voltage on open circuit of 127 V.
When the machine is on load, the terminal voltage is 120 V. Find the load current
if the field resistance be 15 Ω and the armature resistance 0:02 Ω. Ignore
armature reaction.
 DC Series
Generator
As the name says, the field winding is connected in series with the armature conductors. Such
generators are called a DC series Generator. They have less number of turns with a thick wire having
low resistance.
Here, the load is connected in series with the field winding and armature conductors. So all the
current flows through field winding and load.
In the above circuit diagram, Ise – Shunt field current, Ia – Armature current, IL – Load
current, Ra – Armature winding resistance, V – terminal voltage, Vbr – Brush contact drop

Armature current is given by, 

Ia = Ise = IL
Terminal voltage equation is given by,
 V = Eg – Ia Ra – Ia Rse – Vbr

Power developed in the DC generator = Eg Ia

Power delivered to the load = V I

 DC Compound
Generator
DC compound generator has both shunt field winding and series field
winding. One field winding is connected in series with the armature and
another field winding is connected in parallel with the armature.
DC Compound generator can be classified into two different types based
on the way of connection
1.Long shunt DC Compound generator
2.Short shunt DC Compound generator.
 Long shunt DC Compound
generator
The below figure shows the circuit diagram of long shunt DC compound generator. In this, shunt field
winding is connected in parallel with a combination of series field winding and armature conductors.
In the above circuit diagram,
Ish – Shunt field current, Ise – Shunt field current, Ia – Armature current, IL – Load current,
Ra – Armature winding resistance, V – terminal voltage, Vbr – Brush contact drop

Armature current is given by, 

Ia = Ise = IL + Ish
Shunt field current 
Ish = V/Rsh, Where Rsh – shunt field resistance
Terminal voltage equation is given by, 
V = Eg – Ia Ra – Ia Rse – Vbr

Power developed in the DC generator = Eg Ia

 Short shunt DC Compound generator
In short shunt DC compound generator, the shunt field winding is connected across the armature
conductors and this combination is connected in series with a series field winding. The following
figure shows the circuit diagram of short shunt DC compound generator.
In the circuit diagram ,Ish – Shunt field current, Ise – Shunt field current, Ia – Armature current, IL –
Load current,Ra–Armature winding resistance, V –
Armature currentterminal voltage, V
is given by, I br –
 = I  + I Brush contact
 where I  = I drop
a L sh L se

Terminal voltage equation is given by, V = Eg – Ia Ra – Ise Rse – Vbr

Generated Emf equation, Eg = V + Ia Ra + Ise Rse + Vbr

Voltage drop across shunt field winding = Ish Rsh

Shunt field current Ish = ( Eg – Ia Ra – Vbr )/Rsh,

Where Rsh – shunt field resistance

By substituting the value of Eg in the above equation, we get shunt

field current Ish = ( V + Ise Rse )/Rsh

Power developed in the DC generator = Eg Ia

Example 3. A compound generator is to supply a load of 250 lamps, each rated at 100 W, 250 V.
The armature, series and shunt windings have resistances of 0.06 2, 0.04 12 and 50 2
respectively. Determine the generated e.m.f. when the machine is connected in (1) long shunt (it)
short shunt. Take drop per brush as I V.
Example 24. A long-shunt compound generator delivers a load current of 50 A
at 500 V and has armature, series field and shunt field resistances of 0.05 12,
0.03 12 and 250 12 respectively. Calculate the armature current and the
generated e.m.f. Allow I V per brush for contact drop.
Example 5. A short-shunt d.c. compound generator supplies 200A at 100V. The resistances of
armature, series field and shunt field windings are 0.04, 0.03 and 60 ohms respectively. Find
the e.m.f. generated. Also find the e.m.f. generated if the same machine is connected as long-
shunt machine.
Example 2.36. In a long-shunt compound generator, the terminal voltage is 230 V when generator
delivers 150 A. Determine (i) induced e.m.s. (ii) total power generated (iii) distribution of this
power. Given that shunt field, series field, diverter and armature resistances are 92 Ω, 0·015 Ω,
0.03 Ω and 0.032 Ω respectively.