Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic Civil Engineering: V.K Singh
Basic Civil Engineering: V.K Singh
V.K Singh
c. Trapezoidal rule.
d. Simpson’s rule.
a. Mid ordinate rule: In this method, a base line is run and then
divided into number of equal divisions. At mid points of each
division, ordinate
A = d/2 [(O1+On)+2(O2+O3+O4)+…….+On-1)]
2. Alidade
4. Spirit level
5. Trough compass
1. Plane table:
The most commonly used plane table is shown in Fig. It
consists of a well seasoned Wooden table top mounted on a
tripod.
2. Intersection
3. Traversing
4. Resection.
The first two methods are used for locating details while the other
two methods are used
for locating position of plane table station on drawing sheet.