JAMA MASJID

NEW DELHI
NEHA DAS 07
ADITYA DOSHI 08
ELDHOSE BINCE 09
INTRODUCTION
Jama Masjid is one of the largest
masjid built in India. The whole
complex of masjid was build during
1650 to 1654 built the Mughal
emperor Shah Jahan. The
architectural plan of Badshahi Masjid,
built by Shah Jahan's son Aurangzeb
at Lahore is similar to the Jama
Masjid.
INTRODUCTION
• Jama masjid is the largest mosque in India.
Originally called Masjid-i-Jahanuma, or
"mosque commanding view of the world".
• It was based on the plan and design of
Ostad Khalil • It can be called as the replica of
Moti
Masjid in Agra.
• It is one of the finest mosque in the world.
• It is a congregational mosque.
Location LOCATION
• Jama masjid is about 500m west of the Red
fort.

Perpendicular to one of the two main urban

axis.

Strategic location as it was highest point on

the rocky ridge Bho Jhala.

NEW DELHI, INDIA

History
Mughal emperor Shahjahan's thirty years of
reign has witness the construction of several
glorious buildings that stand testimony to his
vision of a grand empire, including the Jama
masjid.
• After the death of his wife he shifted his
capital to Delhi.
. And laid the foundation of shahjahanabad
between 1638- 1648.
• After building the fortified city of
shahjahanabad and his palace he felt the
need of a large mosque.
• The foundation laid on 6 oct 1650.
• Five thousand workers has made it in six
years. Their fees was 1 pice per day. Total
cost of the project was 1 million rupees
excluding Stone and marble.
• The chief cleric, Imam Bukhari, is the direct
descendant of the Mullah who came from
Bukhara to inaugurate the Jama Masjid.
 ORIENTATION

Jama Masjid is oriented toward the holy city of

Mecca, Saudi Arabia, which lies to the west. An
open courtyard facing the eastern gateway of the
mosque building is at least 325 feet square and can
accommodate 25,000 people.
ARCHITECTURE
The magnificent structure is the result
of Mughal, Indo - Islamic and Islamic
architectural styles. The multiple
numbers of domes, arches, courtyards,
etc. just adds to its aesthetic beauty.
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS
Architectural features
Gates
It has three entrance gates.
1. Southern gate:-Southern gate has 33 steps ment for genral
public.
2. Northern gate :-Northern gate has 39 steps ment for nobles.
3. Eastern gate or royal gate.:-
Eastern gate has 35 steps it was formally reserved for the use of
mughal emperors. Even during the British period opened only for
royal visitors and the viceroy of India.

Southern gate Eastern gate

Northern gate
 Eastern gate is octagonal in plan.
•Soffit of the roof is decorated with honeycomb
carving.
Parapet has 19 kanguaras and above it 19 cupolas
are there.
At each of it front angle there is a octagonal
pinnacle bearing a marble pavilion with a marble
dome.
Its inner dimensions are 18.29X15.24m height is
15.4m.
It has one large opening with three arch way. On
adjacent sides.

Projected balcony on
the other side of the
gate is of Bengali
influence.

• Southern and northern gates are smaller in size. They are

also octagonal in plan but irregular.
• Back façade of these gates are smaller than its front
facades.
• Each side of the gate has seventeen arched openings.
•An open courtyard measuring
109.75X109.75M is there.
In the centre of this there is an ablution
tank, made up of marble.
It measures 30.71X10.96m.
In the centre of the tank there is a
fountain.
In the four of its corners marble kiosks
are there.

Ablution tank is
there for ritual
ablutions which Infront of the tank a
should have to sandstone platform
be done before for muazzin.
namaz.
Two sun dials are there in the courtyard to
indicate time of prayer.

Waste water after ablution has been

transported through these channels.

Three sides of the sahan is cloisters which is

At the central entrance to
arcaded..
the mosque a grey
sandstone pulpit for
mukabbir.. Forth side of
the sahan is
the Ibadat
Khana
(mosque).
At the four corners of cloisters there are cupolas
• Both sides of the cloisters consisted of chajja projected outside.
• The basement wall 9.4m high and adorned with false arches to give it a stately appearance.
IBADAT KHANA

• Five arched openings on either side of the main sanctuary or mosque

hall.
• Area of the main mosque is comparatively less in proportion.
Area is 79.5X27.4m.
• Main entrance to this shrine is through an archway. The main arch is
flanked by minarets surmounted by octagonal cupolas.

To enter into the mosque eight stepped high

maqsura screen is there.
On the spandrel of the central arch word 'YA HADI' (one who shows the right path) is
inscribed.

• Above five arched

opening on either side of the main sanctuary tables or panels of white marble inlaid in black
slate with inscription documenting history of the building and glorify virtue of reign of
Shahjahan.
The main shrine is divided into two halls one adjoining its main entrance hall and the other
its interior portion.

• These are divided into seven bays of ornamental pillars.

The rear wall is sunk in the centre with a mihrab. It is also flanked by mihrabs smaller in size
three on each side.

There is a pulpit near central mihrab can be reached by four steps.

Made up of one piece of marble.

The floor of the mosque is decorated with black marble.

It is a thin black marble border.

• This is a mosalla (the praying carpet).

• 899 divisions of 3' long and 12' width is there in the shrine.
 DOME

Dome is an intrinsic feature of Muslim architecture.

A bulbous dome was introduced in this mosque.
The inner and outer shell has sufficient space between them.

It serves the dual purpose. Cool the interior, give dome a

voluminous and elegant look.
An important property of the dome is that it is fluted.
Above every dome there is a copper gilt spike.
The dome is supported by squelches. There are also working
as decorative element.
MINARETS OF JAMA MASJID

Minars contribute significantly to

its grandeur and beauty.
The minar consists of three
storey and 130 feet (40 m) high
Each storey is bisected by a
projected gallery. With a
balustrade railing around it.
Octagonal in plan.
 ARCHES
The arches that are used throughout the
structures has intricate ornamentations.
Mainly red sandstone is used as the
main material for the construction.

WORKMENSHIP
Excellent work of carvings and
paintings. Arabic inscriptions on walls
are also adding a aesthetic appeal to
the interior.
FORM & PATTERN

FORM
It is one of the best example of Islamic
architecture. It consists of domes and Minarets,
arches and interior mind- blowing geometric
decoration with excellent colors. These can
fascinate many observers who have few ways of
really understanding the buildings or the beliefs
and ways of life of the Muslims for whom this
building was designed and erected.

PATTERN
The use of symmetry & pattern can be seen in
relationship between light and dark tones.
 MATERIALS

BLACK MARBLE RED SANDSTONE MARBLE

Yes, this is the ringed one. It’s a gas giant and the Mercury is the closest
It’s a gas giant biggest planet planet to the Sun
PRESENT DAY CONDITION
• Monument is loosing its identity
a) Unplanned growth
b) Encroachment
c) Chaotic traffic
d) Uncomfortable environment setup.
e) Mosque is being in bad physical condition.

CONCLUSION

Jama Masjid in Delhi mirrors a fascinating blend of white marble

and red sandstone. It is an imposing building, and its position and
architecture have been carefully considered so as to produce a
pleasing effect and feeling of spacious elegance and well-
balanced proportion of parts & if we want to pass this cultural
heritage to our future generation then we must have to conserve it.
Types of functions
1. Religious building used for performing Namaz(prayer) and other religious purposes like Quran Khwani(having
separate section for this). Also having some residential blocks(Hujra for people required to reside at Masjid. Also
separate toilet areas are maintained.
Domes
 Dome is an intrinsic feature of muslim architecture.
 A bulbous dome was introduced in this mosque.
 The inner and outer shell has sufficient space between them.
 It serves the dual purpose. a]Cool the interior. b]Give dome a voluminous and elegant
look.
 An important property of the dome is that it is fluted.
 Above every dome there is a copper gilt spike.

The dome is supported by squinches. The sqaure shape of the

There are also working as decorative compartment below is united with the
element. circular base of the dome above.
Minarets
 Minars contribute significantly to its grandeur and beauty.
 The minar consists of three storey and 130 feet (40 m) high
 Each storey is bisected by a projected gallery. With a balustrade railing
around it.
 Octagonal in plan.

A cupola is there
on the top of the
minar. The views
are just Small
wonderful as one openings
can see the are the
whole Old Delhi source of
from here. light in
minar.

Winding
steps leads
to the top Way to the
of the balcony of
minar. minar.
Materials
1. Jama masjid is built in stone masonry. And the cladding is being done by mostly red sand stone. Marble, black
marble etc has been used for ornamentation.
2. Few things are made complete in marble.
3. Doors are made up of wood and are ornamented with copper.

Thin black marble border

Red Sandstone
Aesthetics Beautiful decorative work was done on the ceilings with use of
contrastive dark and bright colours.
Coloured
glass panels
are used in
doors
enhancing
the
aesthetical
appeal of
the building.

Series of Arches are used to distribute load of building

and also as an element for showing the rhythm and mass
Mezo quinto arch is provided with detailed wooden work. in the building.
Levels
1. The First level i.e. circulation space is at a level of 2 ft. from the ground then the level of platform for Namaz is 7
inch. more than that. Final floor level for inner part of the building is 4.5 ft. from the original ground.
Ornamentation
• Marble is used in bulk for ornamenting the mosque.
• Lotus flower is a prime source of inspiration.
• All the ornamentation has been done through floral motifs or inscriptions.

Lotus
motif is
used at
many
places.

Mosque has ornamented every where abutment of arch, under arch, wall, under dome, on the columns, floor,
mihrab etc. Multifoil arch has used somewhere.
Inscription & Preserved Relics
1. Calligraphic inscription used in the mosque is kufic it is used for conveying massages as well as a decorative.
element.
2. •The mosque also houses several relics in a closet of northeast corner, including a copy of the Quran written on
deer skin of those times.
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
1. Lot of space wasted due to heavy columns and thick walls.
2. Dimensions for columns are 10’ x 6‘4” while walls are about 3’6“ thick.

Decoration/ Lightning
1. The front facade is all cladded with stone.
2. Lightning in the inner part of the masjid is well achieved through no. of the glass fitted doors.
3. A double height door is there with another 5 doors each, on both sides of it.