B V SEM Lecture 17 - Surface Finishing

Kathmandu Engineering College
Building Construction V
Course Code: EG 827 AR
B.Arch. V/I
Lecture 17
2068/11/10
Kailash Shrestha
Senior Lecturer/ Architect/ Planner
1
B u i l d i n g Construction V
5. Prevention measures to
remedy rotting of timber and
corrosion of concrete
2
Sr. Lecturer Kailash Shrestha B.Arch. V/I
Commonly Used Timber
Teak
 Best for retaining shape and its durability
 Secure to white ant/ insect attacks
 Weak against fungus attack (rot)
 Used for construction and furniture
Deodar
Used for low quality timber works
3
Sal
 Secure to insect & fungi attack
 Good for structural timber
Haldu
 Fairly hard and strong wood
 Commonly used for doors and window frames, floor
boards, paneling etc
4
Decay of Timber
 Alternate dry and wet conditions
 Defective seasoning of the timber
 Fungi developing diseases such as rots
 Insects such as marine borers, beetles, termites etc
 Lack of ventilation
 Dark and damp conditions
5
Decay of Timber (Contd.)

 Decay of timber is not chemical action
 Timber in dry and well ventilated place or
continuously submerged under fresh water last for
long time
 Wood embedded in ground should be treated with
creosote, coal tar or chemicals
 Rots disintegrate timber and produce H2S and CO2
gases
6
Dry Rot
 Rot due to certain fungi which feed
on wood and convert them into fine
powder
 Some reasons for dry rot are:
not properly seasoned timber
warm moist conditions
confined atmospheric condition
unseasoned timber if tarred,
charred or painted
7
Wet Rot
 Decomposition of timber due to
moisture where timber converts into
grayish brown powder
 Some reasons for wet rot are:
alternate wet and dry
conditions
unseasoned timber exposed to
rain and wind
8
Preservation of Timber
 Protect timber structure from attacks of fungi and
insects, borers, termites and marine organisms
 Prolongs the life and durability of timber
structures
 Preservatives are painted, sprayed or
impregnated
9
Preservation of Timber (Contd.)
 Most efficient means is good seasoning and

free circulation of fresh air
 Leaks in water supply pipes, rain water and
drains should be avoided
 Timber should be kept dry during construction
and also protect timber from getting damp after
construction
10
Preservation of Timber (Contd.)
 Prevent dampness to timber floor and ventilate the

space below and around the timber floor
 Exposed timber can be preserved by impregnation
of poisonous chemicals to fungi
 Protect against moisture by oil paint
11
Preservatives
 There are three types of preservatives:
i. Oil type
ii. Chemical (organic solvent) and
iii. Water soluble preservatives
 Coal tar, oil paints, creosote oil are most common
used preservatives
12
Qualities of Preservatives
 Should be Cheap, durable, unaffected by heat and
light, non combustible and easily available
 Smell should not be very unpleasant
 Safe
 Should not affect strength and outlook
 Should offer high resistance to moisture
 Should efficiently kill fungi and insects
13
Methods of Preservation of Timber

Charring – Kept wet for ½ - 1 hrs and then burnt to
depth about 15mm
Tarring – Applying hot tar in the surface

- Mainly used for submerged surfaces
Painting – Makes timber beautiful and also prevents

white ant attack
14
Methods of Preservation of Timber (Contd.)
Creosoting – Creosote oil (obtained by distillation of

tar) mostly used for poles, piles etc
Wolman’s salt – Mixture of creosote oil and sodium

fluoride – effective against fungi
Ascu-treatment – Composition of i) Hydrated arsenic

pentoxide (1part), ii) Copper sulphate (3 parts) and iii)
Potassium Dichromate (4parts)
15
Methods of Preservation of Timber (Contd.)

Vacuum-Pressure process –Absorption of
preservative
Hot and cold process – Timber is stacked in the tank

and submerged in cold preservative and then heated
and again cooled
Seasoning of timber –Removing surplus moisture

from freshly converted timber
16
Corrosion of Concrete
 In sewers / drains made from
concrete, the sewer acids causes
corrosion of concrete
 Ground water with concentration
of alkaline salts is harmful to sewer
pipes
 Sulphate resisting cement or high
alumina cement is recommended
17
Corrosion of Concrete
 Seawater has same effect
 Mixture of air and sea water rapidly corrodes concrete
and steel
18
Protection from Corrosion of Concrete

 Lining pipes with clay tiles
 Using stoneware pipes
 Jointing materials can be from resisting
cement or high alumina cement
 Use of coal tar or bitumen
19

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Kathmandu Engineering College

Commonly Used Timber

Decay of Timber (Contd.)

Preservation of Timber (Contd.)

 Most efficient means is good seasoning and

Preservation of Timber (Contd.)

 Prevent dampness to timber floor and ventilate the

Methods of Preservation of Timber

Tarring – Applying hot tar in the surface

Painting – Makes timber beautiful and also prevents

Methods of Preservation of Timber (Contd.)

Creosoting – Creosote oil (obtained by distillation of

Wolman’s salt – Mixture of creosote oil and sodium

Ascu-treatment – Composition of i) Hydrated arsenic

Methods of Preservation of Timber (Contd.)

Hot and cold process – Timber is stacked in the tank

Seasoning of timber –Removing surplus moisture

Protection from Corrosion of Concrete

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