Gas Sensor Based on

Octagonal Hollow Core

Photonic Crystal Fiber 

PRESENTED BY:
What is Photonic Crystal Fiber?

• Holy fiber with a micro-structured

cladding.
• Photonic band gap fiber: guiding light in
air.
• Bragg fiber using perfect cylindrical
dielectric mirrors(the Omni guide Fiber)
 High Index core Fibers
What is Photonic Crystal
Fiber?

 Two main classes of PCFs

• Hollow core fibers are optical fibers with a

hole on the fiber axis.
Photonic Bandgap Fibers
• Optical Guidance can be achieved with
photonic bandgap effect
The Guiding Mechanism
Of Hollow Core PCF

• Air holes are filled up by the liquid or gas

sensor.
• The PCF based gas sensor has several unusual
properties, such as, immune to electromagnetic
interference, no electrical conductivity, safe in
corrosive environment, suitable for remote
monitoring etc.
• Mechanism is based on the photonic band gap
effect.
Numerical Methodology

The confinement loss of the photonic crystal fiber depends

mainly. The imaginary part of the effective mode index on the air
holes in the cladding, the expression is:

The expression of relative sensitivity of the gas in the hollow core

of PCF is:

Effective mode index of the guided mode is denoted by & f is the

power fraction. It can be calculated by:
Design And Simulation
Parameters:
• PML Thickness= 2um
• Central hole(Core) Diameter=22.35um
• Air holes Diameter in cladding=7.8um
• Pitch(Distance between two adjacent air
holes in cladding) =11μm
Materials:
• The PML & Cladding are made of Silica.
• All the Holes are consist of Air.
• The Central Hollow Core is filled up by Cross section of the proposed
octagonal HC-PCF
CH4  .
Design And Simulation
• The field distribution of the proposed HC-PCF where it is
clear that optical signal is strongly confined in the core.
• The operating wavelength increases, more optical power
penetrates into the cladding region. So, low optical signal is
confined into the core.
• The pitch increases, the index difference between the core
and the cladding becomes high and optical signal is strongly
confined in the core.
• The central circular air-core diameter increases, in that case
the index difference between the core and the cladding will
also be high and strong confinement of the optical signal
Confinement signal view of the
into the core occurs with high sensitivity.
proposed HC-PCF at 1.67 μm
wavelength
Simulation Results

• The relative sensitivity will be increases with the increase of

pitch.
• The contrast between core and cladding will be enhanced with
the increase of pitch.
• Consequently the optical signal is more confined in the core
and thereby the strong interaction of light and gas is happened
and more sensitivity is achieved.
• The increase of wavelength, sensitivity will be reduced. This is
because, with the increase of wavelength, more light power
will be penetrated into the cladding zone, as a result sensitivity
decreases due to weak interaction between light and gas in the Relative sensitivity versus wavelength
core. for pitch constant 11μm.
Simulation Results

• The relative sensitivity will be increases with the increase of

pitch.
• The contrast between core and cladding will be enhanced with
the increase of pitch.
• Consequently the optical signal is more confined in the core and
thereby the strong interaction of light and gas is happened and
more sensitivity is achieved.
• The increase of wavelength, sensitivity will be reduced. This is
because, with the increase of wavelength, more light power will
be penetrated into the cladding zone, as a result sensitivity
decreases due to weak interaction between light and gas in the For 22.35m core diameter, relative
core. sensitivity vs wavelength is plotted.
Impact of the Project on Health, Safety & Environment

PCF susceptible for

Many toxic gases like Doesn’t produce
real time detection
Impact of the Project NH3,CH4,CO etc. is thermal waste as a
because of highly
on Environment: present in our result energy is saved
sensitive and
environment. and long last more.
miniaturize feature.

More sustainable to
Sustainable because it It works for more 25
Sustainability of the natural calamites than
is made up of silicon years with slight
Project: any other material
dioxide. maintenance.
comparatively.
 Addressing Complex Engineering Problems

Complex Engineering Problems Addressing the complex engineering problems in the project

Analyze of photonic crystal fibers needs vast knowledge about , Comsol software and the
WP1 Depth of knowledge required (WK3-WK5, WK8) characteristics about optical fiber.

Requirements are conflicting, all conveniences are available but complications while
WP2 Range of conflicting requirements reducing the diameter of core should be minimized.

There is no exclusive solution ,multiple design is available but choosing the relevant design
WP3 Depth of analysis required is a tough choice for which analysis necessary.

Electrical engineers are not frequently connected to photonic crystal fibers issues, So the
WP4 Familiarity of issues project rarely come across such issues.
Matlab codes have been used for graphical representation of relative sensitivity and
WP5 Extent of applicable codes confinement loss for the project.

WP6 Extent of stakeholder involvement Involve diverse groups of stakeholders with widely varying needs.

Project requires a numerous subsystems, such as optical tunable source(OTS),single mode

WP7 Interdependence fiber(SMF),mass flow controller(MFC),polarizer ,polarizer controller, optical spectrum
analyzer(OSA) and a computer.
Conclusion

• We have discussed the optical properties of PCF and working principle of PCF based gas sensors.
• We have carried out a numerical simulation on the structure of an octagonal gas sensor based on HC-PCF
in this presentation for gas sensing purpose.
• The sensor displayed relative sensitivity is high for 22.35 um hollow core diameter and the inclusion loss
at 1.67m, which is the methane exploitation axis, is just 0.006 dB/m. 
• We are very much hopeful with the design and result that it would play a great role for gas sensing
monitoring in future.
THANK YOU!