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Chapter 2. Internal Force
Chapter 2. Internal Force
INTERNAL
FORCE
Contents
P1 Pi
P3
P2
P1
P2
P3 R
z
R – internal resultant force x
M
y
M – internal resultant moment P1
I. Internal force in section
P Nz – normal force
P
3
2
Mz Qx, Qy – shear force
M
x
z
Nz Mx, My – bending moment
x Q M
x
y Mz – torsional moment
Qy
y
P
1
I. Internal force in section
Coplanar Loadings
P P
2
a
3
Nz – normal force
Qy – shear force
a P
P
1
3 Mx– bending moment
P
2
Mx
Nz
P Qy
1
I. Internal force in section
Nz 0 Nz 0
- Shear force Q
Q0 Q
0
Q0 Q
I. Internal force in section
- Torsional momentMz
Mz Mz
0 0
I. Internal force in section
P
P
1
N z Z Pi 2
Mz
Qy Y Pi M
0 z
Qx X Pi
0 x
x Q M
Nz
M x 0mx (Pi ) 0 x y
M m (P )
y y i
Qy
y
M z mz(Pi )
0 P
0 1
I. Internal force in section
Example. Determine internal force acting in the section
z
P P
P P
q q
z q z
Nz
Nz
Mz M
M
z
M M M
z
z z
P
z P
z
y x
z P O1 M
z1
Qxy
y
The equations of
equilibrium
Y Q P 0 Qy
y
mo M x Pz1 0 M x
P 1
I. Internal force in section
Example. Determine internal force acting in the section
z
P z1
P
z z x
y x
P My
z1 z
x O Qx
1
The equations of
equilibrium
X Q P 0 Qx
x
mo M y Pz1 0 M y
P 1
I. Internal force in section
P q
z1
P q
z M
x
y QO
y 1
z
A A Nz M y
x
P P
mC M y P.0, 65 0
P P.0,
I. Internal force in section
Problem. Determine internal force acting in the section H
H
I. Internal force in section
Problem. Determine internal force acting in the section 1-1
I. Internal force in section
Problem. Determine internal force acting in the section a-a, b-b
I. Internal force in section
b
a a
b
I. Internal force in section
P 6kN
M 2kN.m
1, 2m
1,
2m
I. Internal force in section
P P M
A P Nz
z
z q Mz M
l 1
1 q
Mz
Nz
M M
B z z
P+ql z M
N z qz P
II. Internal force diagrams
P q P q
M
x
z
Qy
Qy
Qy P
M x qz
z
Pz q z 2
P 2
P ql
Pl ql 2 / 2
z
Mx
II. Internal force diagrams
4 4
dN z q
C
N d,
N tr ,
B z B z
dz
P N B
R BC
N Cz z
q
II. Internal force diagrams
Nd ,B
N tr ,B P
Step 1: z z
dN z
dz q
Step 2:
N C
NBR BC
Z z
q
P0
II. Internal force diagrams
P qa P qa
qa qaA
a A a
3P 2qa P 2qa
B B P 4qa
q q
3a
4a
C
qa
Nz
C
8qa Nz
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw normal force diagram for columns
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw normal force diagram for columns
P P P P qa P
A
A qa qa A qa
a a A a P P
a A a 2P 2P
3P 2P 3P B
B
B B B P P
q a a
q C
2a 2a C
a 2P 4a q 4a q
C C D
C D
II. Internal force diagram
M ph,B M tr ,B M
Step 1: z z xo
dM
x
z
m o
dz
Step 2:
M C
z M zD m
DC
M xo 0
II. Internal force diagram
M
m 2
ma
A 3 B
C M B C
M A
M
2a a
2a a
M
M M
z M z
M
2M
3M
II. Internal force diagram
3M
M
II. Internal force diagram
2M / 3
M /3
M /3
2T
2T
2T
T
II. Internal force diagram
M 2M 2 4m 2m
m
M M a a
B C D C D
A A B
a a a a 2a a
2m m 4m
m 2m
a a a
B C
a B C
A A
2a a 2a a
II. Internal force diagram
B 1 C 2 D
A
2
3 dz 1 M0
2a a
4
3a
M trx 1
ph Mx 3 4
Mx
2 M x x
dM
1 2
tr M 0 Q ph 3 4
Q y y Qy dz Qy dQy
Qytr P dQy q dM x Qy
Q ph
y
dz dz
ph
M x M x
tr
0
Q yC Qy
D
Rq
DC
M xC M x
D DC
Qy
M
2 Nội Lực Trên Mặt Cắt Ngang
Step 1: Q ph
Q tr
P
y y
dQy Qy 0
q
dz
Step 2:
Q D R DC
Q Cy y
q
a. Bending moment diagram (Mx)
Step 1: M ph
x M xtr 0
M Mx
dM 0
y
x
Q
Step 2: dz
M C
x M xD Qy
DC
S
II. Internal force diagram
Example: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam.
P q M qa2
A
C C
B A B
a
YA 2P / 3
2a 3a a M qa 2
YC P /3
P A
A C
B
B C 7qa / 11qa /
YA YC 6
6
7qa/6
Q
2P/3 y
11qa/
Qy 6
P/3 qa 2
M M
x
x
2Pa/3 49qa2 / 72
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam.
1, 5kN /
m
0, 0, 0,
6m 4m 4m
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam.
4kN / m
5m 3m
1 1
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam.
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam.
P M Pa P
A A
B C B C
2a a
2a a
M 2Pa
P 2P P
A A 2P
B C D B C D
a a a a a a
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam.
M qa2
q
A q P qa A
C B C
B
2a a
3a a
P qa P 2qa
A q q
B C C
A B
2a a 2a a
M qa2
q P 2qa q P
A A
qa
B C D D
B C
2a a a a a
2a
II. Internal force diagram
Problem: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam.
M qa2 M qa2
q P 2qa q P qa
A A
D D
B C B C
2a a a 4a 2a 2a
M qa2
q P P M 2qa2
A qa q
A
D 2qa D
B C B C
3a a 3a a a
a
P qa q M qa P 3qa M 2qa2
q
2
A
A
B C D
B C D
a 3a 2a a 3a 2a