1.

If the fish is 20 cm from the base of the aquarium,

calculate the liquid pressure exerted on the fish.
2.1 Liquid pressure (Density of water = 1000 kgm-3)
50 cm

𝑃 = ℎ𝜌𝑔
2. Calculate the depth at which 3.5 x 105 Pa of liquid pressure is exerted on a submarine.
P (Density of seawater
= Liquid pressure,
-3
Pa = 1029 kgm ) h
h = Depth of the liquid, m
ρ = Density, kgm-3
g = Gravitational acceleration (9.81 ms-2)

Factors affecting liquid pressure

Exercise
Pressure depends on depth, density of liquid and gravitational acceleration (refer to formula)
1. If the fish is 20 cm from the base of the aquarium,
calculate the liquid pressure exerted on the fish.
-3)
P α h : when(Density
depth isofdeeper,
water =pressure
1000 kgmis higher and vice versa
𝑃 = ℎ𝜌𝑔
P α 50
𝜌 : cm
when density is higher, pressure is higher and vice versa
 h = Depth of the liquid, m
ρ = Density, kgm-3
g = Gravitational acceleration (9.81 ms-2)

Exercise

1. If the fish is 20 cm from the base of the aquarium,

calculate the liquid pressure exerted on the fish.
(Density of water = 1000 kgm-3)
50 cm

2. Calculate the depth at which 3.5 x 105 Pa of liquid pressure is exerted on a submarine.
(Density of seawater = 1029 kgm-3)

Factors affecting liquid pressure

Pressure depends on depth, density of liquid and gravitational acceleration (refer to formula)
Exercise
3. 4.
A A B
B

Fresh water Sea water

Which one has higher pressure Which one has higher pressure acting on it?
acting on it? Explain your answer. Explain your answer.

2
Exercise (cont.)
Exercise (cont.) Compare the liquid pressure
5.
acting on the fish. Explain
Compare the liquid pressure
5.
acting on the fish.your answer.
Explain
your answer.

AA B B C C D D

6. State what will happen to water level in P and Q when thistle funnel is placed inside a beaker filled
with water.
6. State what will happen to water level in P and Q when thistle funnel is placed inside a beaker filled
with water.

P Q P Q

P Q P Q
 REMEMBER

Points at the Point

same level have the same pressure.

A B C D E F

PA = PB PC = P D PE = PF
hAρAg = hBρBg hCρCg = hDρDg hEρEg = hFρFg

3
Exercise
1. Given that the density of liquid A is 2. Given that the density of liquid A and B are
200 kgm-3. Calculate density of 100 kgm-3 and 300 kgm-3 respectively. Find h.
liquid B.

A B A B
20 cm 15 cm
15 cm h

3. Compare density of liquid C and D

C D
Actual pressure

Actual pressure = liquid pressure + atmospheric pressure

Exercise
4
1. Given that the density of sea water is 1020 kgm-3 and atmospheric
pressure is 1.0 x 105 Pa. Calculate;
a. liquid pressure exerted on the diver. 15 m
b. actual pressure exerted on the diver.
Application of liquid pressure

Water tank IV liquid bag

• Water tank is located higher • IV bag is located higher

• Difference in height between tap and • Difference in height between IV bag and
tank allow for high liquid pressure patient’s body allow for high liquid pressure
• Water flows out when tap is turned on • IV flows into patient’s body

Dam Siphon

• Wall at the base is thicker to withstand • Water flowing out of siphon at C creates low
higher water pressure pressure at B
• Penstock is placed lower so that water • Atmospheric pressure pushes water into
can flow faster to turn the turbine tube through A
 GAS PRESSURE

2.3 Gas pressure

• Can be measured using manometer

Before connected to gas supply After connected to gas supply

Patm Point Patm Point Patm

Gas

Pgas
Ph

A B

Pgas = Patm + PL
Exercise

1.
Point A compressed gas is connected to a
mercury manometer. Calculate:
Gas
a. difference between gas pressure and
atmospheric in cm Hg
 REMEMBER

1. The figure shows a manometer containing

mercury is connected to a gas supply.
Calculate the pressure of the gas supply in the units
(i) cm Hg
(ii) Pa
[ Density of mercury = 1.36 x 104 kg m-3 and
Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm Hg ]
BOURDON GAUGE/ PRESSURE GAUGE

USE TO MEASURE PRESSURE GAS