Illustrating Limit of a

Function
 •Consider
  a function f of a single variable x. Consider a
constant c which the variable x will approach (c may or
may not be in the domain of f). The limit, to be denoted by
L, is the unique real value that f(x) will approach as x
approaches c. In symbols:

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •  =
5

x f(x) x f(x)
1 2 3 8
1.4 3.2 2.5 6.5
1.999 4.997 2.001 5.003

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

•  = 5
x f(x)
1 2
1.4 3.2
1.999 4.997

x f(x)
3 8
2.5 6.5
2.001 5.003

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •  =
21

x f(x) x f(x)
3 12 5 32
3.6 17.16 4.2 23.04
3.999 20.990 4.001 21.010

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

•  = 21
x f(x)
3 12
3.6 17.16
3.999 20.990

x f(x)
5 32
4.2 23.04
4.001 21.010

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

•  =   =

  =

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 Limit Laws
•1.  Limit of a Constant

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •2.  Substitution Law or Identity Theorem

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •For
  the next 6 limits laws, assume that the limits of f and g
both exist as x approaches c and that they are L and M
respectively.

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •3.  Constant Multiple Theorem

Example:
, find
=
=
= (8)(4)
= 32

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •4.  Addition/Subtraction Theorem

Example: and , find:

4 + (– 5) = – 1
4 – (– 5) = 9

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •5.  Multiplication Theorem

Example: and , find:

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •6.  Division Theorem

Example: and , find:

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •7.  Power Theorem

Example: find:

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 •8.  Radical Root Theorem

Example: find:

Example: find:

3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a

 • 

lim (2 𝑥+1)
𝑥 →1
3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a
 • 

4
lim (3𝑥 −2𝑥−1)
𝑥→0
3.1 Illustrating a Limit of a
Illustrating Limit of a
Function