CONCRETE

PAVEMENTS
P R E PA R E D B Y: D O N N A V I L L E L . G A N T E
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
• A plastic and workable mixture composed of mineral aggregate such
as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or slag, interspersed in a binding
medium of Portland cement and water.
• When properly designed and constructed concrete roads are capable
of carrying almost unlimited amounts of any type of traffic with
ease, comfort and safety.
• They are economical due to their low cost of maintenance and
relative permanence.
PORTLAND CEMENT
• Portland cement is a combination of limestone, marl or other
calcareous materials and clay, shale, or like argillaceous substance.
• It reacts chemically with water by a process called hydration.
• Generally, Portland Cement constitute the ff. chemicals:
– Tricalcium Silicate
– Dicalcium Silicate
– Tricalcium Aluminate
– Tetracalcium Aluminuferrite
• Joseph Aspidin
– Patented Portland Cement in
1824.
– He named his product Portland
cement because it produced a
concrete that resembled the
natural limestone on the Isle of
Portland.
TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT
(AASHTO)
TYPE I OR IA
(AIR ENTRAINING)
– Standard or “normal” Portland cement. It is
intended for use in general concrete
construction where the cement is not
required to have special property.

Image Source: wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagum

TYPE II OR IIA (AIR ENTRAINING)
– For general concrete construction exposed to moderate action or where
moderate heat of hydration is required.
TYPE III OR IIIA
(AIR ENTRAINING)
– For high strength concrete.
TYPE IV
– For low heat hydration.
TYPE V
– High sulfate resistance.
TABLE 8 -1 COMPOSITION AND STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF OF
VARIOUS TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT

Types of Compound Percent Com. Strength Normal

Portland Cement Con. Percent
C3S C2S C3A CAAF 1 day 7 days 28 days 3 months
I – Normal 50 24 11 8 100 100 100 100
II – Modified 42 33 5 13 75 85 90 100
III – High Early 60 13 9 8 190 120 110 100
IV – Low Heat 26 50 5 12 55 55 75 100
V – Sulfate Resistance 40 40 4 9 65 75 75 100
CONCRETE PAVEMENT
CHARACTERISTICS AND BEHAVIOR
• Depends upon the quality of concrete, the underlying sub grade and
the base course.
• Concrete is strong in resisting compression but weak in resisting
tensile stresses.
• Concrete expand and contract due to temperature changes.
• Concrete pavement changes in length with time of day for being
exposed tot different elements of weather changes.
CONSIDERATIONS IN CONCRETE
PAVEMENT DESIGN
• That, the pavement slab was designed as plain concrete beams.
• That, transverse cracks on the concrete pavement cannot be avoided.
The designer however, presumes that pavement cracks could be
controlled, by providing reinforcements to the slab joints.
• That longitudinal cracks on the pavement slab more than one lane is
inevitable.
• Pavement slab is supported by foundation that deflects when loaded
but recover when the load is removed, assuming that the foundation
materials are elastic or like a dense liquid .
 FAULTING

- Free water on top of the base

course.
- Loss of slab support
- Erosion of sub base

DISTORTION

- Failure or weakness of concrete

joints
 CRACKING

- Applied load
- Temperature or moisture
changes

Common types of Cracks :

- Corner Cracks
- Transverse Cracks
DISINTEGRATION

Appears in the form of

- Durability Cracking
- Scaling
- Spalling