HEAT EXCHANGERS

PRESENTED BY:
(TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS)

ISIDTO, ERNEST FRED V.

ESCAMILLA, LEMUEL C.
FUENTES, RONEL
HEAT EXCHANGERS

are devices designed to transfer heat between two or more fluids—i.e.,

liquids, vapors, or gases—of different temperatures. 

-conduction
-convection
-radiation.
CONDUCTION

Conduction is the passing of thermal energy between materials that are in contact with one another.
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a material – warmer objects (that
are at a higher temperature) are exhibiting more molecular motion.
 CONVECTION

Convection is the transfer of thermal energy from a surface by way of the

motion of a fluid such as air or water that has been heated. 
RADIATION

Thermal radiation is a mechanism of heat energy transfer that involves the

emission of electromagnetic waves from a heated surface or object.
 Basic Principles Underlying Heat Exchangersers

Regardless of the type and design, all heat exchangers operate under the same
fundamental principles—namely the

>Zeroth
>First
>Second Laws of Thermodynamics

which describe and dictate the transference or “exchange” of heat from one fluid to
another.
HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

• Flow configuration
• Construction method
• Heat transfer mechanism
FLOW CONFIGURATION
The flow configuration, also referred to as the flow arrangement, of a heat
exchanger refers to the direction of movement of the fluids within the heat
exchanger in relation to each other. 

-Cocurrent flow
-Countercurrent flow
-Crossflow
-Hybrid flow
FLOW CONFIGURATION

 Countercurrent flow heat exchangers, also

 Cocurrent flow heat exchangers, also referred
to as parallel flow heat exchangers, are heat
exchanging devices in which the fluids move
parallel to and in the same direction as each
other.
known as counter flow heat exchangers,
are designed such that the fluids move
antiparallel (i.e., parallel but in opposite
directions) to each other within the heat
exchanger.
FLOW CONFIGURATION

 In crossflow heat exchangers, fluids flow  Hybrid flow heat exchangers exhibit some
perpendicularly to one another. combination of the characteristics of the
previously mentioned flow configurations.
CONSTRUCTION METHOD

While in the previous section, heat exchangers were categorized based on the type
of flow configuration employed, this section categorizes them based on their
construction.

 Recuperative vs. regenerative

 Direct vs. indirect
 Static vs. dynamic
 Types of components and materials employed
RECUPERATIVE VS. REGENERATIVE

 On the other hand, regenerative heat

 The difference between recuperative and
exchangers, also referred to as capacitive heat
regenerative heat exchanger systems is exchangers or regenerators, alternately allow
that in recuperative heat exchangers (commonly warmer and cooler fluids to flow through the
called recuperators), each fluid simultaneously same channel. 
flows through its own channel within the heat
exchanger.
DIRECT VS. INDIRECT

 On the other hand, in indirect heat

 In direct contact heat exchangers, the fluids are
not separated within the device and heat
transfers from one fluid to another through direct
contact.
exchangers, the fluids remain separated
from one another by thermally conductive
components, such as tubes or plates,
throughout the heat transfer process. 
STATIC VS. DYNAMIC

 While in dynamic regenerators the

 In static regenerators (also known as fixed bed
material and components move
regenerators), the heat exchanger material and
throughout the heat transfer process. 
components remains stationary as fluids flow
through the device
HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM

 In single-phase heat exchangers, the fluids do not undergo any phase change throughout the heat
transfer process, meaning that both the warmer and cooler fluids remain in the same state of matter at
which they entered the heat exchanger

 On the other hand, in two-phase heat exchangers, fluids do experience a phase change during the heat
transfer process. The phase change can occur in either or both of the fluids involved resulting in a
change from a liquid to a gas or a gas to a liquid.
TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

Based on the design characteristics indicated above, there are several

different variants of heat exchangers available.
Shell and tube heat exchangers
 Double pipe heat exchangers
 Plate heat exchangers
 Condensers, evaporators, and boilers
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

 The most common type of heat

exchangers, 
shell and tube heat exchangers are
constructed of a single tube or series of
parallel tubes (i.e., tube bundle)
enclosed within a sealed, cylindrical
pressure vessel (i.e., shell).
DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGERS

 A form of shell and tube heat

exchanger, double pipe heat exchangers
 employ the simplest heat exchanger
design and configuration which consists
of two or more concentric, cylindrical
pipes or tubes (one larger tube and one
or more smaller tubes).
PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS

 Also referred to as plate type heat exchangers,

plate heat exchangers are constructed of several
thin, corrugated plates bundled together. Each
pair of plates creates a channel through which
one fluid can flow, and the pairs are stacked and
attached—via bolting, brazing, or welding—
such that a second passage is created between
pairs through which the other fluid can flow.
CONDENSERS, EVAPORATORS, AND BOILERS

 Boilers, condensers, and evaporators are heat exchangers which employ a

two-phase heat transfer mechanism. As mentioned previously, in two-
phase heat exchangers one or more fluids undergo a phase change during
the heat transfer process, either changing from a liquid to a gas or a gas to
a liquid.
HEAT EXCHANGER SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

While there are a wide variety of heat exchangers available, the suitability of each type
(and its design) in transferring heat between fluids is dependent on the specifications
and requirements of the application. Those factors largely determine the optimal design
of the desired heat exchanger and influence the corresponding rating and sizing
calculations.
• The type of fluids, the fluid stream, and their properties
• The desired thermal outputs
• Size limitations
• Costs