Development of Pigeon Pea Crop Reaper Machine: ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

Development of Pigeon Pea Crop Reaper
Machine
1
©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
Group Details
Sl.No. Reg. No. Name of the student Department

1 16ETME005019 GOPAL METRI MECHANICAL
2 16ETME005061 SHRAVANTH KUMAR K MECHANICAL
3 16ETME005041 NAGARJUN J MECHANICAL
4 16ETME005013 DHANARAJ BASAVARAJ BHAKSAR MECHANICAL
5 17ETME005073 SATISH RATHOD MECHANICAL
2
Title of the Project
Development of Pigeon Pea Crop Reaper Machine
• Supervisor
Supervisor :- Dr B S Dayananda
• Place of Work
work shop(MSRUAS)
3
Outline
• Introduction
• Motivation
• Title and Aim
• Objectives
• Methods and Methodology
• Resources Required and Availability
• Expected Outcomes
• Project Cost Estimates
• Gantt Chart
• References
1 4
Introduction
• Pigeon pea or Toor dal is one of the important pulse crops
of India
• It’s grown throughout the tropical countries of world
• It’s one of the important cash crop of the farmers
Toor dal plant 5

Motivation
• Traditionally harvesting of pea is done manually, with
sickle which demands considerable amount of labour,
drudgery and time to harvest.
• It’s estimated that harvesting operation of crop consumes
about 25-35% of total labour requirement of crop
production system
• Total 176 man hours per hectare is required to harvest
pigeon pea crop.
6
Motivation(continued)
• Other than traditional method there exist a machine

called ‘Punjab machine’.
• Due to many drawbacks of it most of the people tend to
prefer manual traditional method.
7
Motivation(continued)
PUNJAB MACHINE
DRAWBACKS OF PUNJAB MACHINE
• Cost is high
• Less output efficiency
• High maintenance
8
Title and Aim
Title:- Development of Pigeon Pea crop reaper machine
Aim:- To Design and to develop Pigeon Pea Crop

Reaper Machine for small farmers
9
Objectives
1. To carry out literature review on existing crop reaper machines.
2. To arrive at the specifications and to select materials required for

the development of the machine from the selected concepts.
3. To develop various concepts and select the suitable crop reaper

machine concepts.
4. To carryout the detailed design of the selected concept.
5. To develop the virtual prototype and to show the working of the

mechanism.
10
Methods and Methodology
Objective 1
Status
Objective Statement of the
Methods/ Methodology ( Completed/ On-
No. Objective
going/yet to commence
To carry out literature

review on existing crop By referring articles, journals Completed
1 reaper machine patents
11
Objective 1 (Continued..)
Sl. Authors Year of Findings /research Journal/Article
No Publicatio s/Magazines/B
n ooks
1 Atul R. 2011 “Cutting energy and force as required for Pigeon Journal of
Dange , pea stems” Agricultural
Thakare S. • The research work was carried to investigate Technology
K and the cutting energy and force required for the 2011 Vol. 7(6),
Bhaskara pigeon pea crops. pp. 1485-1493,
Rao I • The commercially available blade has been 2011.
attached to the lower end of the arm of
pendulum type dynamic tester which cut the
stalk at 900 to the stalk axis with knife
velocity ranging between 2.28m/s to7.23 m/s
the diameter of stem at42.6 % (wb) moisture
content
12
Sl. Authors Year of Findings/research Journal/Articles/
No Publication Magazines/Books
2 Siddaling S 2015 “Design And Fabrication Of Small Scale Sugarcane International

&B.S.Ravaik Harvesting Machine” Journal of
iran • Project is carried to reduce farmer’s effort and Research in
to increase the output of the agriculture Engineering and
products. Applied
• The comparison was made with the manual Sciences, Vol.
method the proposed machine can cut the 3(4), pp. 293-
lower and upper portion of the sugar cane 298, 2015
containing leaves, simultaneously by setting the
optimum movement of the rotary blades.
13
Sl. Authors Year of Findings/research Journal/Articles/
3 Dinesh B. Mar “Design and Fabrication of Mini Harvester” International

Shinde, -2017 • The harvester was designed with a new concept Research
Ritesh D. of power transmission mechanism. Journal of
Lidbe, • Aimed to design the harvester for the small- Engineering and
Manisha B. scale land farmers. Technology
Lute, • The design is compact, easy to operate,low cost (IRJET), Volume:
Shubham R. and efficient working. 04 Issue: 03
Gavali, • The small-scale farmers can use this machine if PP918-922
sharad S. it further upgraded with small change in the
Chaudhari5 type of cutters used.
, Shivani • The cutter we have placed are to be
N.Dhandale performance.
• This conceptual design is very helpful for the
farmers for better productivity.
• This machine can be operated by the single
labour upgraded with design and analysis
process. So the final cutting process can be
achieved with better
14
Sl. Authors Year of Findings Journal/Articles/
4. Bosoi ES; 1991 “theory, construction and calculations of agricultural Vol. 2,

Verniaev machines” (Balkema:
O V; Rotterdam,
Smirnov • This paper has been mainly studied to design the 1991) 443–449
I I; reaping mechanism of paddy reaper with engine
SultanSh power 3.729 kW and input speed 3600 rpm with
akh EG an average operating speed of 29.5 m/min.
• The required gear ratio, the module, the face
width and the number of teeth are calculated for
the design of reaping gear box.
• The required chain number, diameters of
sprockets, center distance and required chain
length are calculated for carrier chain system.
• The overall performance of paddy reaper was
quite satisfactory on compare with man power
and machine power
15
SS, cutter for small scale farmer” Journal of
Sachin A cereal crop reaper machine is developed from Applied
VD Objective 1 (Continued..)
cost effective and readily available materials. In Mechanical
the evaluation of the developed reaper Engineering
machine the following conclusions are made
The materials and the mechanisms we used
reduce the cost of the reaper machine
• The developed machine is compact and it
reduces other extra mechanisms that have
been implemented on other standard reaper
machines
• Significant components of reaper are studied
and analysis’s in terms of material selection,
geometric analysis, and force analysis is clearly
made.
• One surly can say that the design outputs
have generally been illustrated more after
having investigation on the different assembly
drawings and part drawing of each component
and the result reveal that by integrating CAD
and solid work will be highly beneficial and the
design is safe. This design reduces
manufacturing cost, labor time and
maintenance cost; the machine can easily be
available by small scale farmers with reasonable
cost
16
Summary of literature survey
• The Manual labour consumes more time and more money than
automatic mechanisms
• The machine built was for multi crop reaping and not optimized
especially for Toor dal
• The small machines were not developed due to the distance
between each crops were more
• The harvester designed with the power transmission mechanism is
found to be more compact and feasible in operation
17
Objective 2
Status
Objective Statement of the Methods/ Methodology ( Completed/ On-
No. Objective going/yet to
commence
To arrive at the
specifications and
material selection
required for the Arriving at suitable required Completed
2
development of the parameters
machine from the
selected concepts.
18
Field survey
19
Field survey
20
Objective 2
Field survey Specifications of the system
Sl.no components Dimensions
1 Size of vehicle 2100mm×990mm×120

body 0 mm
2 Wheel diameter 400 mm
3 Size of blade 850 mm × 60 mm
4 Ground 200mm
clearance
5 Total height of 1200mm
machine
6 Size of container 4000mm×950 mm×
HARVESTING MACHINE 480 mm
• Field survey is done at bijapur district, regarding to the operations of the driving
mechanism
21
Objective 2
Specifications of the system
1 Engine Type Two stroke

2 Engine Displacement 145.45cc
3 Engine starting Kick type
4 Maximum Power 7.5 BHP@5500
rpm
5 Maximum Torque 10.8 NM
@3500 rpm
6 Transmission 4 Speed
Engine
22
Objective 2 (Continued…)
To arrive at specification and material selection of the crop reaper machine
Specifications of the system

1 Size of vehicle 2100mm×990mm×120

body 0 mm
2 Wheel diameter 400 mm
3 Size of blade 850 mm × 60 mm
4 Ground 200mm
clearance
5 Total height of 1200mm
machine
6 Size of container 4000mm×950 mm×
480 mm
23
Objective 2 (Continued…)
Material selection
Sl.no components material
1 Bevel gear High carbon steel
2 Pulley cast iron
3 Angle Mild steel
4 V-Belt synthetic rubber
5 Shaft mild steel
6 Star wheel Sheet metal
24
Objective 3
Status
Objective Statement of the Methods/ Methodology ( Completed/
No. Objective On-going/yet to
commence
To develop different concepts for the

To develop various various crop reaper machine that
concepts and to select
meet the required specifications and
3 the suitable crop reaper Completed
machine concept. to select the concept that is most
feasible to implement
25
Concept 1 :Rotary mechanism
Rotary Blades:
• A rotary cutter is a tool is generally used by quilters to cut fabric.
Working principle:
• The motion from the wheels is utilized to drive the cutters which is powered by pushing force of
the operator.
• Initially the motion from the wheels is transferred through the axle to a crown wheel (large bevel
gear) which rotates when the axle is rotated, so the crown wheel is rugged fit to the axle.
• The crown wheel transmits the motion to the pinion bevel gear upon which a sprocket is provided.
• The motion from the rear sprocket is transmitted to the front sprockets through the chain drive
where the cutters rotate and cutting action takes place .
Rotary cutter mechanism Rotary cutter blade 26

Pros and cons of rotary blade cutter

SL.NO Pros Cons
Easy to It costs high to sharpen the

1 construct blades
Less
2 materials Not much durable
used
3 Easy to Used for smaller areas

handle
27
Concept2: reciprocating blade cutter
Sl.No Pros
1 Cuts the crops more
precisely
2 Less time to cover more
fields
3 These blades last long
and teeth's are very
much easy to cut the
crops
4 No special skill required
to operate
Reciprocating cutter
28
Concept3 :Roller cutter mechanism
Roller cutter mechanism of harvesting
29
Roller cutter mechanism
• The drive mechanism of the cutting bar
changed the rotary motion into SL.NO Pros Cons
reciprocating motion.
•
Additional
The mainstream was adopted based on
1 grain is Its initial costs high
the principle of the pendulum obtained
mechanism.
• The pendulum ring mechanism convert
rotary motion into reciprocating motion
by a pendulum ring mounted obliquely Time saving Size is very big suitable only
2
on the main shaft in the field for very large areas
• Through a swinging shaft pendulum
drive mechanism of cutting bar is used
• The law of blade motion had a direct
impact on the performance of the cutter. Cleaner Maintenance is high
3
grain
30
So among the above 3 concepts we have selected the reciprocating blade cutter concepts
which fix very well with our product.
• A reciprocating saw is a type of saw in which the cutting action is achieved through a push-and-pull
motion of the blade is as shown in fig
Mechanism used in our

2d diagram of the selected
selected concept
concept
31
This is how our concept look like this is the 2d sketch drawn from hands
32
How does it work?
• The 2.2 kW recoil start type of diesel engine is selected as the driving force to operate
the cutting and conveying mechanism of the machine.
• The 3000-rpm developed by the diesel engine is reduced to around 1100 rpm by the v-
belt connected to pulley mounted on the main shaft .
• The large pulley mounted on the main shaft causes the shaft to rotate at 1100 rpm.
• The 1100 rpm of the main shaft reduced to around 600-700 rpm for the cutter bar by
bevel gear that mounted between the main shaft and the intermediate shaft
• The crank mechanism mounted on the intermediate shaft is responsible for transferring
this 600-rpm cutting speed to the movable cutter bar used to accomplish the cutting
action.
• The conveyer pulley on shaft transfers its motion to the other conveyer pulleys by the
conveyer belt.
• As the conveyer belt rotates through the conveyer pulleys, the lugs fixed on the belt are
responsible for rotating the star wheels which in turn are used for the conveying action.
33
• Reciprocating mechanism pros and cons
SL.NO Pros Cons
Easy to
1
handle
2 Time saving
in the field
Excess man 1. Can be used for farmers whose
power not land varies between 1 to 2 acre.
required to 2. It can be used more depending on
use the the manual operator
3 machine
.only farmer
can alone
use the
machine
34
Objective 4
Status
Objectiv Statement of the Methods/ Methodology ( Completed/
e No. Objective On-going/yet
to commence
To carry out detailed

design of the selected Listing of various components Completed
concept Calculating the required data
4
35
Factors to be calculated for design
Sl.no factors
1 speed-speed of the cutting blade
2 Torque-Amount of torque applied on the plant stick.
3 Power-The power that is need to cut the plant
4 Force-Force to be applied on the plant to get cut
36
Indication the heading of this table
1 Cutting bar type knife edge section
3 Stroke length 260 mm
4 Blade type rectangular
5 Width 50mm
6 Thickness 3mm
7 Rake angle 140

Angle between cutting
edge and axis of knife
8 section 30
9 material high carbon steel
10 No of strokes 30
11 Quick return ratio 5:3
37
Detailed design
DESIGN OF CUTTING BLADES:
Cutting blades are made of High carbon steel to withstand maximum shear stress required to
cut stern of crops. Blade is designed in Triangular section with width of 50mm and height of
40mm. There are total 2 sets of cutting blades, first 12 sets of blades over a length of 600mm.
and second set blade
with 9 sets of blades over length of 445mm which is reciprocates attached to lever of
cutting mechanism. Force analysis is done of these blades using ANSYS 15.0 commercial
software. Height of cutting blades from ground level is around 200mm to 250mm. a=50mm,
b=70mm, d=30mm, and t=3mm.
Fig.1: Design of Cutting Blades

Stroke length and quick return ratio are taken from standard quick return mechanism from a
journal
38
DESIGN OF SPECIAL TYPE OF ELEMENT USED FOR
PUSHING CROPS
As dimensions shown are above it used for pushing crops which made to attach to belt drive
of crop collecting mechanism with help of Bolt and nut of dia. 3mm.
39
DESIGN OF CRANK-SLOTTED LEVER MECHANISM
Specification:
•
Stroke length, L= 260mm
No. of strokes/min, S= 30strokes/min
Quick return ratio= 5/3
Crank length=L1=50mm
Now, we know that,
Quick return ratio=(360-α)/α
360-α/α=1.6
α =140degree
Length of fixed link,
40
•
Length of slotted lever,
Max. Force required to cut tur dal plants =85N
41
•• Power
Torque calculation for cutting maximum shear force required 10 dia

Shear stress = 1.2 N/mm^2
42
•• Torque produced by engine

• According specification
P=5.28 N 7000rpm
Hence design is safe
43
Side view of the proposed

Front view of the proposed crop
crop reaper machine
reaper machine
IMAGE 2
IMAGE 1
44
IMAGE 3 pulley with pin IMAGE 4 slotted bar
IMAGE 5 crank IMAGE 6 Blades

45
IMAGE 7 Bevel gear (miter gear) IMAGE 8 pinion
IMAGE 9 support 46
Isometric view of the proposed crop reaper machine
IMAGE 10
47
STRUCTURE OF CUT STUBBLE
Rotary blade cut stubble Reciprocating blade cut stubble
48
Objective 5
Status
Objectiv Statement of the Methods/ Methodology ( Completed/
e No. Objective On-going/yet
to commence
To develop the
mechanism using Completed
catia software. Running the mechanism of a
concept
5
49
Objective 5
Mechanism of our proposed crop reaper machine using catia
software
50
Objective 5
working mechanism of star wheel
51
Project Cost Estimates
Apparatus Amount
Cart 3000
Diesel engine 4000
High carbon steel(Blade) 1000
Steel material for casing 2000
miscellaneous 4000
Total 15000
52
Gantt Chart
Project Work (UG) 08 weeks
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Major Activities
1.LITERATURE REVIEW
2.STUDYING OF VARIOUS
CROP REAPER MACHINES
3.PRE PROJECT
PRESENTATION

4.STUDYING OF
FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
5.LISTING OF
COMPONENTS
6.INTRIM PRESENTATION
7.DEVELOPMENT OF
CATIA MODEL
8.Fabricate and
demonstrate
53
References
• O. E Akay, E.Giizel, M. T. Ozcan, (2016), “ Development of harvesting Mechanism for Kahramanmaras
Chili Pepper”, International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Vol:10, No:10, PP 666-
670.
• Roshan Ghodkhande, ShivamBhankhede, Ashish Chandurkar, Sanket Chaudhari, Shubham Chaudhari,
Shubham Dandekar, BhaushanDorlikr, Rupali Gawali, (2018),“Design and Fabrication of Crop Cutter
Machine”, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Vol-4, Issue-
2, PP 436-439
• Amar B. Mule, Pravin T. Sawarkar, Akshay A. Chichghare, Akash N. Bhiwapurkar, Dhananjay D. Sirsikar,
Kapil R. Gaurkar, (2018), “Design And Fabrication Of Harvesting Machine”, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 05, Issue 01, PP501-505
• Tejaskumar Patel, Prof. Chetan Vora, Prof. VipulkumarRokad,( 2017), “Design and Analysis of Arm of
Reaper and Binder Machine”, International journal of Engineering development and research, Volume
5, Issue 4, PP 352-357
• P. Narasimhulu and N. Jaya Krishna, ( 2017),“Modelling and Fabrication of Pedal Operated Multi Crop
Cutter”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue 11, PP111-117
54
Thank You
Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
55

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Development of Pigeon Pea Crop Reaper

Sl.No. Reg. No. Name of the student Department

Toor dal plant 5

• Other than traditional method there exist a machine

Title:- Development of Pigeon Pea crop reaper machine

Aim:- To Design and to develop Pigeon Pea Crop

2. To arrive at the specifications and to select materials required for

3. To develop various concepts and select the suitable crop reaper

4. To carryout the detailed design of the selected concept.

5. To develop the virtual prototype and to show the working of the

To carry out literature

2 Siddaling S 2015 “Design And Fabrication Of Small Scale Sugarcane International

3 Dinesh B. Mar “Design and Fabrication of Mini Harvester” International

4. Bosoi ES; 1991 “theory, construction and calculations of agricultural Vol. 2,

1 Size of vehicle 2100mm×990mm×120

3 Size of blade 850 mm × 60 mm

1 Engine Type Two stroke

Specifications of the system

1 Size of vehicle 2100mm×990mm×120

1 Bevel gear High carbon steel

2 Pulley cast iron

3 Angle Mild steel

4 V-Belt synthetic rubber

5 Shaft mild steel

6 Star wheel Sheet metal

To develop different concepts for the

Rotary cutter mechanism Rotary cutter blade 26

Pros and cons of rotary blade cutter

Easy to It costs high to sharpen the

3 Easy to Used for smaller areas

Roller cutter mechanism of harvesting

Mechanism used in our

To carry out detailed

Factors to be calculated for design

1 speed-speed of the cutting blade

2 Torque-Amount of torque applied on the plant stick.

3 Power-The power that is need to cut the plant

4 Force-Force to be applied on the plant to get cut

1 Cutting bar type knife edge section

3 Stroke length 260 mm

4 Blade type rectangular

7 Rake angle 140

Fig.1: Design of Cutting Blades

Length of slotted lever,

Max. Force required to cut tur dal plants =85N

Torque calculation for cutting maximum shear force required 10 dia

Hence design is safe

Side view of the proposed

IMAGE 3 pulley with pin IMAGE 4 slotted bar

IMAGE 5 crank IMAGE 6 Blades

IMAGE 7 Bevel gear (miter gear) IMAGE 8 pinion

Isometric view of the proposed crop reaper machine

STRUCTURE OF CUT STUBBLE

Rotary blade cut stubble Reciprocating blade cut stubble

Diesel engine 4000

High carbon steel(Blade) 1000

Steel material for casing 2000

Jai Jawan Jai Kisan

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