Problems

Unit – 1
Presented by
Mrs. M.P.Sasirekha
1. An ammeter reads 6.7A and the true value of current is 6.54A. Determine the error and the correction
for this instrument.
• Solution:
• Measured value of current, Am = 6.7 A
• True value of current, At = 6.54A
• Error, 𝜀0=𝐴𝑚−𝐴𝑡=6.7−6.54=0.16 𝐴
• Correction 𝜀𝑐=−𝜀0=−0.16 𝐴
2. A voltmeter reads 109.5 V. The error taken from the error curve is – 0.37 V. Determine the true voltage.
• Solution:
• Measured value of voltage, Am = 109.5 V
• Error, 𝜀0=−0.37 𝑉
• But,𝜀0=𝐴𝑚−𝐴𝑡
• ⇒−0.37=109.5−𝐴𝑡
• ⇒𝐴𝑡=109.5−(−0.37)=109.5+0.37=109.87 𝑉
• Hence the true value of voltage is 109.87 V.
3. A voltmeter reads 95.5 V and the static correction given in the correction curve is – 0.8 V. Determine
the true value of the voltage.
• Solution:
• Measured value of voltage, Am = 95.5 V
• Static correction,𝜀𝑐=−0.8 𝑉
• True value of voltage,𝐴𝑡=𝐴𝑚+𝜀𝑐=95.5+(−0.8)=95.5−0.8=94.7 𝑉
• Hence the true value of voltage is 94.7 V.
4. A thermometer is calibrated 150 °C to 200 °C. The accuracy is specified within ± 0.25% of instrument
span. What is the maximum static error?
• Solution:
• Span of the thermometer is given by:
• 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛=𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒−𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒=200−150=50℃
• The accuracy is ± 0.25% of instrument span =±0.25100∗50=±0.125℃
• Hence the static error is ±0.125℃
5. A voltage has true value of 1.5V. An analog indicating instrument with a scale range of (0 – 2.5) V shows
a voltage of 1.46V. What are the values of absolute error and correction? Express the error as a fraction
of true value and the full scale deflection.
• Solution:
• True value of voltage, At= 1.5V
• Measured value of voltage, Am= 1.46V
• The full scale deflection can be found from the range of voltmeter as, FSD = 2.5V.
• (i) Absolute error, 𝜀0=𝐴𝑚−𝐴𝑡 ∴𝜀0=1.46−1.5=−0.04𝑉
• (ii) Correction = −𝜀0=0.04𝑉
• (iii) Error as fraction of true value (or) Relative error,𝜀𝑟=𝐴𝑚−𝐴𝑡𝐴𝑡=1.46−1.51.5=−0.041.5=−0.026
• (iv) Error as fraction of full scale deflection =𝐴𝑚−𝐴𝑡𝐹𝑆𝐷=1.46−1.52.5=−0.042.5=−0.016