1 Subject Name: Civil Engineering Drawing

Lecture No:02 & 03

Types of Structures (Load Bearing and RCC
Structures)
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE:

 INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE
 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURE
 CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE
 LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES (Lecture:02)
 RCC/FRAMED STRUCTURES(Lecture:03)
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INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE
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 A structure is anything which is used to satisfy the need

of nutrition, harboring , transportation and stockpiling
of the all living things.
 The various materials are used for construction of
structures and they are located above ground or
underground.
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PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURE
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 The structure must be constructed in accordance with the

properties of soil underneath the structure.
 The materials must be used in accordance with structural
properties and construction techniques.
 The structure must be durable for rain, snow, winds etc.
 The structure must be having an aesthetic appearance.
 The cost of the structure must be reasonable.
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CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE
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 Structure can be classified according to following:

 According to Material
 According to Ground
 According to Continuity
 According to Purpose of Service
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 According to Ownership
 According to Load-Carrier System
 According to Construction Stages
 According to Height
 According to Elements of Structure
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LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES

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 It is a structure comprising of Slabs, Beams and

Load Bearing Walls.

 Such type of structures are most suited where

HARD STRATA of soil is available at shallow
depth.
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 A load bearing structure has the components

of a building which carry and transfer the load
to the ground safely.
 In this structure walls carry the load of slab
and transfer that load to the foundation of the
structure.
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 To Understand the structural principles of load

bearing structure is the fundamentals
requirement for the design process which will
bring up the design solution.
 This will help in selection of suitable
materials and construction techniques.
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 Load from slab/roof or trusses and floors are

transmitted through walls to the subsoil below ground
through their foundations.

 Brick foundation needs larger foundation area w.r.t

RCC framed structure, because load bearing capacity of
brick is much less than that of RCC.
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 Most of residential buildings are small in size and are

up to THREE STOREY are constructed as load bearing
structures.

 20cm ,30cm and 40cm thick walls are used in load

bearing structures.
 RCC Slab is provided directly on load bearing walls.
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STATICS OF LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE

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 The load-bearing structures is determined by the

following analysis process:
(01) Initially the whole structure is analyzed. Hence the
function of each structural element is determined.
(02)The forces in the individual structural elements are
determined.
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(03)The forces which affect the structural elements are

determined along with the forces that it transmit. These
are external forces.
(04)The forces within the structural elements are the
internal forces or the static forces.
(05)The overall structural stability of the structural
element is determined.
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(06)Finally, it is checked that whether the planned

structure withstands all the forces coming over it or not.
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LOAD BEARING COMPONENTS OF

BUILDING
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 The main load bearing structural elements are:

(01)Beam
(02)Columns
(03)Walls
(04)Braces
(05)Trusses
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(01)Load Bearing Walls:

 A load bearing wall transfers the loads form slabs above it to
the foundation. These walls can be made of concrete, masonry
or block materials. Most of the exterior walls of a building are
considered as load bearing.
 Removal of load bearing wall as a part of renovation must be
conducted only after providing alternative support for the
above-supported structures.
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(02)Beams:
 Beam forms one of the primary load-bearing component of
structure which can be made from wood, concrete or metal. It
is a primary member utilized to take the load of the building.
The capacity of load bearing depends on the depth and width
of the beam element.
 Beam is subjected to higher amount of shear and compressive
forces as they have high amount of internal and external
forces.
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(03)Columns:
 The structural columns are one of the important
elements in a structure which have effective role
in the transmission of dead and live loads to the
foundation that the building structure is subjected
to.
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(04)Braces:
 Braces are structural elements used in the
framework structural system. This load
bearing elements helps in stiffening the
framework effectively.
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(05)Trusses:
 Trusses are load-bearing elements that supports
the roof elements in building structure. The roof
loads are uniformly transmitted to the truss. The
truss is subjected to tension and compression
forces. The trusses are not subjected to any kind of
moments.
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LOAD BEARING & FRAMED STRUCTURAL

SYSTEMS
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 The framed and load-bearing structural systems are

based on the load-bearing structural components taking
part in the load transmission.
 In the load bearing structural system, the loads get
transferred from slabs to foundations through walls,
while in framed structural system, loads from slabs get
transferred to beams, beams to columns and finally
from columns to the foundation.
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 The structural elements involved in a FRAMED

STRUCTURAL element are:
Slabs >> Beams >> Columns >> Foundation

 In case, of LOAD BEARING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

the path followed is:
Slabs >> Walls >> Foundation
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 The load-bearing structural system is an old

method of construction.
 Framed structural system has framed structure of
columns and beams which have high resistance to
lateral forces. The framed structural system is
more flexible as compared to the load-bearing
structural system.
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ADVANTAGES & DIS-ADVANTAGES OF

LOAD BEARING
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Lecture:03
FRAMED (RCC) STRUCTURES
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CONCRETE:
 It is a mixture of cement , fine and coarse aggregate. It mainly
consists of a binding material and filler material.

REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE(RCC):

 RCC is a composite material which is made of concrete and steel as
reinforcement. The concrete may be assumed to work purely in
compression where as the reinforcement is predominately subjected
to tension.
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RCC/FRAMED STRUCTURE:
 It is a structure comprising of SLABS resting
on beams and BEAMS are supported by a
network of COLUMNS.
 The framed structure can be of concrete, steel
or of wood.
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 In this type of structure, there are partition

walls of 10cm thick, which divide and enclose
the space.

 Construction time is less.

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 Loads from the slabs are transferred to

the beams and beams rest over columns
and whole load of the structure is
transferred to the subsoil below the
ground through columns and their
footings.
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 Here, walls just act like partitions and none of

them bears load.

 RCC is most suitable material to withstand

external loads like compressive, tensile,
torsion and shear along with moment, so all
framed structures are constructed with RCC.
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 Generally all multi storeyed

buildings or high rise buildings are
constructed as framed structure.
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ADVANTAGES & DIS-ADVANTAGES OF

RCC/FRAMED STRUCTURES
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COMPARISION BETWEEN LOAD BEARING

& RCC/FRAMED STRUCTURES
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