Obligation

Must, have to, should

Must + infinitive

 I must wear  I mustn’t wear

 You must wear  You mustn’t wear
 He/she/it must wear  He/she/it mustn’t wear
 We must wear  We mustn’t wear
 They must wear  They mustn’t wear
 Must you wear?  Must they wear?
 Yes, I must.  Yes, they must.
 No, I mustn’t.  No, they mustn’t.

 Must he wear?
 Yes, he must.
 No, he mustn’t.
Use:

 Must is used for personal obligations. In personal opinion

something is necessary to do.
 I must visit my friend because she is sick.
 Mustn’t is used for prohibition. Something is against the law.
 You mustn’t take your mask off. (It is against the law)
 Mustn’t – synonym: can’t, not allowed.
Have to + infinitive

 I have to wear  I don’t have to wear

 You have to wear  You don’t have to wear
 He/she/it has to wear  He/she/it doesn’t have to wear
 We have to wear  We don’t have to wear
 They have to wear  They don’t have to wear
 Do you have to wear?  Do they have to wear?
 Yes, I do.  Yes, they do.
 No, I don’t.  No, they don’t.

 Does he have to wear?

 Yes, he does.
 No, he doesn’t.
 Have to is used for external obligations, something is necessary
to do according to the authority.
 I have to wear a tie at work. (It is necessary because it is the rule)
 We have to wear a mask. (it is necessary acc. to the law)

 Don’t have to means something is not necessary or obligatory to

do.
 I don’t have to wear a tie at work.
 Have to and must are also used for strong recommendations.
 You must/have to travel to Canada.

 Have got to is used instead of have to in spoken English.

 She has to got leave early.
Should + infinitive

 I should cut  I shouldn’t cut

 You should cut  You shouldn’t cut
 He/she/it should cut  He/she/it shouldn’t cut
 We should cut  We shouldn’t cut
 They should cut  They shouldn’t cut
 Should you help?  Should they help?
 Yes, I should.  Yes, they should.
 No, I shouldn’t.  No, they shouldn’t.

 Should he help?
 Yes, he should.
 No, he shouldn’t.
 It is used for mild obligations, to give sb advice or recommendation.
 Syn: ought to/ ought not to

 I think you should see a doctor. You look ill.

 He should help her. She is too tired.