PROPERTIES OF

MATTER
Submitted By: John Carlo L. Mondragon
ELEMENT COMPUND MIXTURE

  A. Rusted Iron B. Muddy Water

  D. Ice C. Salt Solution

    E. Air

     

     
A. Rusted Iron -
COMPOUND
Rusted iron is a compound, since
it is formed from iron combining
with oxygen and water vapor. We
can observe rusted iron occurring
naturally through it’s physical
properties, specifically it’s color.
A. Rusted Iron -
COMPOUND
Rust in iron appears in a reddish
brown color.
Rust is also less magnetic than
iron.
We can conduct a simple activity to prove this by using
three household items, namely hydrogen peroxide or agua
oxigenada, vinegar, and salt.

Mix 8 parts of hydrogen peroxide with 1 part of distilled

vinegar and add some salt.
Hydrogen peroxide and vinegar mixed together produces
an acid that can oxidize metal, and salt helps boost the
process.
If we are to spray this solution in an object with iron, (for
example a corrugated sheet or yero) we can observe that a
chemical reaction takes place almost instantly, causing
rust to form.
We can also separate metal filings from rust by using a
magnet. Metal filings would be attracted to the magnet’s
force field, while rust would not.
B. Muddy Water -
MIXTURE
Muddy water is a mixture, since
it has two substances mixed
together, which are dirt and
water. It is a heterogenous
mixture, since we can easily
distinguished dirt particles
suspended in water.
B. Muddy Water -
MIXTURE
Eventually, these two substances
will separate, forming an obvious
layer of dirt settling at the bottom
of the container.
We can separate these two substances through filtration.
If we pour muddy water through a filter, the dirt would be
left in the filter, and the remaining water would pass
through it. A simple experiment that we can conduct at
home would be to make our own filter.
Half of the plastic bottle could be used as the container of
the water to be filtered. We will then pour the mixture on
the top half of the plastic bottle layered with sand and
gravel. As stated earlier, the dirt would be left behind the
makeshift filter, and the remaining water would pass
through the filter.
C. Salt Solution -
MIXTURE
From the name itself, a salt
solution is a solution, or a
homogenous mixture. We can
observe from a salt solution that
light passes through it and that
there are no observable particles.
We can separate the salt from the solution through
crystallization. Crystallization is a process where we form
crystals from a solution. To do this, we must allow the
solvent to evaporate through heat.
For us to replicate this process at home, we must heat the
salt solution in a pot. Through this, we can allow the
solvent, which would be water, to evaporate. Since the
melting temperature of salt is drastically high compared to
water, salt would be left behind on the pan.
D. Ice
- COMPOUND
Ice is the solid state of water,
which is a compound since it is
formed from hydrogen and
oxygen. Water has a melting
point of 0C or 273K and has a
boiling point of 100C or 373K.
Water is transparent and odorless.
To prove this, we can use a thermometer to measure the
temperature of ice under heat. Upon doing this, we can
observe that Ice ( now in it’s liquid state, which is water )
boils upon 100C.
Hydrogen and oxygen can be separated from each other
through electrolysis.
E. Air
- MIXTURE
Air is a mixture, since many
elements and compounds are
present in air, such as nitrogen,
oxygen. carbon dioxide, and
many more. Since both elements
and compounds are substances,
then air would be a mixture of
substances, which is the
definition of a mixture.
The components of air can be separated through fractional
distillation.
Since the components of air have different temperatures in
which they change states, this property can be applied
when the air has been liquefied.
Through fractional distillation, certain elements are
extracted from the liquefied mixture at specific boiling
points. This is done to separate it’s components.
Although there is no simple experiment to replicate
fractional distillation of air, we can prove that there is
oxygen in air.
Combustion is a process that requires oxygen for it to
occur, so the fact that we can light fires here on earth
prove that oxygen is present in the air.