Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2020/2021
Chapter 2- Describing Motion
Learning Objectives:
-To define and calculate acceleration of moving bodies
-To draw and interpret distance-time graphs of motion and
determine speed as the slope
-To draw and interpret speed-time graphs of motion and
determine acceleration as the slope and distance travelled as
the area under the graph
Describing Motion
”
What’s a
vector ?
What’s a
vector ?
A physical quantity
that has size and
direction. E.g force,
displacement, velocity
What’s a
scalar ?
Quantities such as
time, mass, distance
are called scalars
because they have no
direction
Average speed+= Total Distance moved
Total Time taken
SPEED
VELOCITY
SI units: m/s or ms -1
Acceleration
a = v - u
t
Example 1 : A car increases its
velocity from zero to 60m/s in 3s.
Find the acceleration
a = v - u
t
a = 60 – 0
3
a = 60 = 20m/s2
3
Deceleration (retardation)
Deceleration is
negative
acceleration.
When the
object is
slowing down, it
has Acceleration is a
vector quantity
deceleration
Eg. – 4m/s2
Example 2
6s
A B
ans : 34 m/s
Example 3
Ans : 2 s
Example 4
Find the deceleration of a car that changed
speed from 25 m/s to 15 m/s in 5 seconds.
Ans: 2 m/s2
Graphs of Motion
40
Distance
30 slope =
Time
20
10
slope = speed
10 20 30 40
time (s)
Distance -Time Graphs
Distance -Time Graphs
Distance -Time Graphs
Distance -Time Graphs
Travelling at constant speed
Stationary
Stationary
Speed = 8 = 1 km/h
8
Speed- Time Graph
Speed – Time Graph
Speed(m/s)
Speed - graph
Speed-
Speed – Time Graph
Speed(m/s)
Speed- graph
Speed-
Speed –Time Graphs
Speed
Speed(m/s) Speed(m/s)
Speed-Time Graphs
Speed(m/s) Speed(m/s)
Speed- Time Graph
Speed(m/s)
Acceleration from speed : time graph
Speed
Acceleration from speed : time graph
Speed
Steady acceleration
Acceleration from speed : time graph
Speed
Speed
Steady velocity
Steady acceleration
Acceleration from speed : time graph
Speed
Speed
Steady velocity
Steady deceleration
Steady acceleration
Acceleration from speed : time graph
Speed Acceleration = V - U
t
Acceleration from speed : time graph
Speed Acceleration = V - U
t
Acceleration from speed : time graph
Speed
Acceleration = 3 – 0 / 2
= 1.5 m/s/s (m.s-2)
Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
20 Acceleration = 40 - 0 = 4m/s2
10
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
20 Acceleration = 20 - 0 = 2m/s2
10
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
20 Acceleration = 0 - 60 = -3m/s2
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m
m/s
40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m
m/s
40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m
m/s
40
Area =
20 400m
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
Area =
100m Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m
m/s
40
Area =
20 400m
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
Area =
100m Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m
m/s
40
Area = Area =
20 400m 600m
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.
80
Area =
100m Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m
m/s
40
Area = Area =
20 400m 600m
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
The total distance travelled = 200 + 400 + 400 + 100 + 600 = 1700m