CHAPTER 5

CIRCLES
5.1 Properties of circles
Recognize the parts a circle
Chord
- a line segment with
Arc end point on the
- is a part of the circle
circumference
Circumference
- perimeter of the
circle

Diameter
- line segment that
passes through the
centre of a circle
and has ended
points on the
circumference
Radius
- line drawn from
the centre of the
circle to the
circumference of
the circle

Minor arc Minor arc

- the shorter arc
Sector Major arc
- the longer arc
Major arc Sector
- the region enclosed by an arc and two radii
Segment
Segment - the region enclosed by an arc and a chord
Construct a circle and parts of the circle
Example 1
Construct a circle with centre O and diameter 2 cm.

Solution:
1. A point O is marked.
2. Radius
= diameter 2
= 2 cm 2
= 1 cm
Hence, open the compassed to a width of 1 cm.
3. Sharp end of the compasses at O is placed and the circle is drawn.

1 cm
O
Example 2
The diagram below shows a circle with centre O.
Construct a chord of length 1.6cm passing through point Q.

O Q

Solution:
1. A distance of 1.6cm is measured on a pair of compasses.
2. The point of the compasses is fixed at point Q.
3. An arc, which intersects the circle, is drawn.
4. A line joining point Q and intersection point drawn in step 3 is drawn.

1.6 cm

Q
O

1.6 cm
Example 3
Construct a sector of a circle with a radius 1cm and the angle subtended at
the centre is 110º.

Solution:
1. Construct a circle of radius 1 cm and mark the centre as O.
2. Draw the radius OM.
3. Draw another radius ON.
4. So that MON = 110º

110º

5.2 Symmetrical properties of Chords

Verifying and explaining the symmetrical properties of chords
1. Diameter is an axis of symmetry of circle. Therefore, a circle has
infinite number of axes of symmetry.
2. The radius bisects the chord, if the radius is perpendicular to a
chord. Conversely, the radius bisects a chord, and then the radius is
perpendicular to the chord.

M
B
A
OP is perpendicular to AB, AM = MB
P
3. The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre
of the circle. So, perpendicular bisector of 2 chord intersect at the
centre of the circle.

4. Arcs with the same length are produced from the chords of the same
length. M
A
B
If AB = CD,
Then arc AMB = arc CND
C

N D

5. If two chords have the same distance from the centre, then they have
same length.
A
U
B
O AB = CD ↔ OU = OV

C V D
Example 4
The diagram below shows a circle. Construct the centre of the circle and
label it as A. Then, determine the radius of the circle.

Solution:
1. Two non-parallel chords in the circle is drawn.
2. The perpendicular bisector of each chord is constructed.
3. The intersection points of the two-perpendicular
bisector are labeled as A, which is the centre of the
circle.
4. Join point A to the circumference of the circle and the
radius is measured.


 
A

1 cm



So, the radius is 1cm.

Problem that involving symmetrical properties of a circle
Example 5
In the diagram, A is the centre of the circle and C is the midpoint of line PCS.
Given that TC is 2 cm, and CU = 18 cm. Find the length of PS.
P
Solution:
Given radius = ACT, chord = PCS, C = midpoint PCS
Length of PS = ? A
T U
C
Radius ACT which bisects the chord PCS is
perpendicular to the chord of PCS.
Therefore,
≈  ACP is a right-angled triangle.
S
≈ PS is 2 PC

TU = TC + CU = 2 + 18 = 20 cm Revision

Radius, AU = = 10 cm
a c
AC = 10 – 2 = 8 cm
P
In triangle ACP,
b
PC² = AP² - AC²
Pythagoras’ theorem
PC² = 10² - 8² 10 cm c² = a² + b²
PC² = 36
PC = √ = 6 cm
PS = 2PC
C 8 cm A
PS = 2 6 = 12 cm
Example 6
In the diagram below, ABCD is a semicircle with ATSD as the diameter.
BCTS is a rectangle. Given BC = 16 cm and BT =15 cm, what is the
length of AT?

B C

A D
T S
Solution:
Referring to the diagram on the right, O is the centre of the semicircle and
ONS is the radius perpendicular to BNC.
S
B C
N
15 cm

A D
T O S

Thus, BN = NC = = 8 cm

OA = OB = √ = 17 cm
Thus, AT = OA – OT = 17- 8 = 9 cm

5.3 Circumference and Area of a Circle

Determining the relationship between circumference and
diameter of a circle
1. The circumference of a circle can be calculated by using the
formula below when the diameter or radius of a circle is known.

Circumference = 𝝅𝒅 or 𝟐𝝅𝒓

2. The value of is approximately or 3.142.

 Example 7
Calculate the circumference of a circle with
a. A diameter of 28 cm (use = )
b. A radius of 9.5 mm

Solution:
a. Circumference
=
= 28 cm
= 88 cm

b. Circumference
=2
= 2 3.142 9.5 mm
= 59.698 mm

Example 8
Given that the circumference of the circle is 88 cm, what is the radius of a
circle?

(Hint: = )

Solution:
2 = 88 cm

2 r = 88 cm
= 88 cm
= 88 cm
= 14 cm

Length of Arc
Angle subtended at the centre of a circle is proportional to the length of arc.

𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆

=
𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒎𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝒐

𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒙𝒐
=
𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝒐
Example 9
The diagram shows a circle with radius 7 cm and centre O. Calculate the
length of arc of PQ.
(Hint: = )

Solution:
=
45º
=

Length of arc PQ =

Length of arc PQ = cm

Area of a circle
The area of the circle can be calculated by using the formula as shown
below when the radius of the circle is known.

Area of the circle

= circumference radius

Area of a circle = 𝝅𝒓
Example 10
Given that = , calculate the area of a circle with
a. radius = 7 cm
b. diameter = 28 cm

Solution:
a. Area of a circle
=
= 7²
= 154 cm²

b. Area of a circle =
= ( )
=
= 616 cm²

Example 11
Given that the area of the circle is 616 m², calculate the radius of the circle.
(Hint: = )

Solution:

= 616 m²
= 616
28
= 616

= 14 m

Thus, radius = 14 m, diameter = 14 2 = 28 m

Example 12
The circumference of a circle is 44 cm. What is the area of the circle?
(Hint: = )

Solution:
Circumference, 2 = 44 cm
2 = 44

= 44

= 7 cm

Thus, the area of the circle = = 7² = 154 cm²

Area of sector
The area of the sector, L of a circle is proportional to the angle, º subtended
at the centre of the circle.

𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞

=
𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞
𝐨
𝐋 O
=
𝛑𝐫 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝐨

Example 13
In the diagram below, OAB is a sector with centre O. Given that OA = 16 cm,
what is the area of sector OAB.
(Hint: use = 3.142) A

Solution:

=

= 68º

Area of OAB =
O B

Area of OAB = 151.9 cm²

Example 14
Diagram below shows a circle with centre O. Given that the major sector OMN is 385
cm² and OM is 14 cm. What is the value of y?
(Hint: = )

Solution:
 yº
=
O M
=

= N
y = 225º

Problem involving circle

Example 15
Pizza F with a diameter of 24 cm is cut into 6 slices. Pizza G with a diameter of 40
cm is cut into 8 slices. Both pizza F and G have the same thickness. Azman eats
two slices of the pizza F while Siti eats one slices of pizza G. Who eats more
pizza?
(Hint: = )

Solution:
From the question,
Pizza F d = 24 cm, 6 slices
Pizza G d = 40 cm, 8 slices
Determine whether 2 slices of pizza F is more than 1 slice of pizza G.

Azman: Siti:
Area of sector Area of sector

= 𝜋 ( ) = 𝜋 ( )

= =

= cm² = cm²

cm² 150 cm²

Thus, Siti eats more pizza compared to Azman.