Probability Sampling

Types of Probability Sampling

Designs

Simple random sampling

Stratified sampling

Systematic sampling

Cluster (area) sampling

Multistage sampling
 Some Definitions


N = the number of cases in the
sampling frame

n = the number of cases in the sample
Simple Random Sampling

Have a list of all members of the

population; write each name on a card
and choose cards through a pure-chance
selection.
 Simple Random Sampling
Example:

Small service agency.

Client assessment of quality of service.

Get list of clients over past year.

Draw a simple random sample of n/N.
Simple Random Sampling

List of clients
Stratified Random Sampling

Sometimes called "proportional" or

"quota" random sampling.
Objective: Population of N units
divided into nonoverlapping strata
N1, N2, N3, ... Ni such that N1 + N2
+ ... + Ni = N; then do simple random
sample of n/N in each strata.
 Stratified Sampling - Purposes:
To insure representation of each
strata, oversample smaller population
groups.
Administrative convenience -- field
offices.
Sampling problems may differ in each
strata.
Increase precision (lower variance) if
strata are homogeneous within (like
blocking).
Stratified Random Sampling

List of clients
 Stratified Random Sampling

List of clients

African-American Hispanic-American Others

Strata
 Stratified Random Sampling

List of clients

African-American Hispanic-American Others

Strata

Random subsamples of n/N

 Systematic Random Sampling


Assumes that the population is
randomly ordered.

Advantages: Easy; may be more
precise than simple random sample.
F:\LESLIE-PC\Downloads\Video\Systema
tic Sampling -
YouTube.MKV
 Cluster Sampling

Procedure:

Divide population into clusters.

Randomly sample clusters.

Measure all units within sampled
clusters.
 Cluster Sampling


Advantages: Administratively useful,
especially when you have a wide
geographic area to cover.


Examples: Randomly sample from city
blocks and measure all homes in
selected blocks.
 Cluster Sampling

Example: if you want to have a sample of 120
out of 1,000 students, you can randomly
select three sections with 40 students to
constitute the sample.

40 40 40