The Conics

LESSON 1.1: INTRODUCTION TO

CONICS AND CIRCLES
 Recall
  Given two distinct points P() and Q()
Slope of segment PQ

Distance between P and Q

Midpoint of segment PQ
 Conic Sections
Hyperbola Parabola Ellipse
Circles is the set of all  Theorem 1.1 : Standard Equation of a Circle
Derive the Equation of a circles in the Cartesian Coordinates
points (x,y) in a plane,
whose distances from a =r
fixed point is a constant.
Distance Formula
y =r
Since r > 0, get the square both sides
Center
c(h , k)
An equation of a circle whose center is at C(h , k) and
p radius is r>0.

Radius

x
 Example 1.1
Write the standard form of the equation of  
Therefore,
the circle having a diameter whose endpoints Using Distance Formula
are (1 , -4) and (3 , 10). Then graph.

Solution:
Hint :
a. The midpoint of the diameter gives
the center of the circle.
b. Radius is half of diameter. r=
Given: Endpoints are (1 , -4) and (3 , 10)
(h , k) = r= x

(h , k) = r=
Therefore the equation is:
(h , k) =
or
(h , k) =
 Theorem 1.2: Determining When an Equation  Example 1.2
Yields a Circle Find the center and the radius of a circle having
The graph of the equation is. the equation
1. The circle centered at with radius Solution:
If Hint:
2. The single point if + a. Use the concept of completing the square
3. The empty set if to write the equation in the standard form.

An equation of a circle whose center is at C and radius is

r =. (

(+1+9

Therefore: the center of the circle is ( -1, 3) and

the radius is 3.
 Theorem 1.3: Degenerate Case of a Circle
The case in which r = 0 yields the degenerate case
(=0
Forming what we call a point circle.

It indicates that the only point satisfying this equation

is the point (h , k).