Cause and Effect

MOTIVATION

What is the reason why What is the effect of

we are in the new set- the COVID-19
up of learning? pandemic to you as a
student?
Definition of Cause
and Effect

3
What is cause ▹ “Nordquist (2020) states that in conducting cause
and effect? and effect, there is a need for the writer to be logical
because this strategy involves analytical thinking.

▹ Accroding to Oaks (n.d) Narration presents the

sequence of the chronological or the consecutive
chains of event. Then, cause and effect explains that
sequence.
What is cause
and effect?

▹ Cause and effects details why something happens,

what causes it, what are the effects and how it is
related to something else (Illinois Institute
Technology, n.d.).
What is cause? ▹ happens first.
▹ It answers why something happened.
▹ Something that produces an event or
condition.

Example:
She made one big mistake, as a result, she
lost her job.
What is effect? ▹ Happens after the cause.
▹ It answers what happened.
▹ Results from an event or condition.

Example:
She was very tired as a result of working
late.
Techniques of Cause
and Effect

8
It answers
the why and
the how.
▹ Keywords include therefore, because,
following, and previously give the reader
the clue that cause and effect is being used
in the paragraph.
Categories to
consider:

INFORMATIVE

▹ It provides facts and details to inform and

explain.
Categories to
consider: Example:
Due to the fact that our body resistance differ
INFORMATIVE from one another, the Covid-19 vaccine will cause us
varied experiences of adverse effects after receiving
it. Previously, the Department of Health inform the
people that the common adverse effects include:
tenderness, pain, warmth, redness, itching or
swelling on the arm where you got the injections,
generally feeling unwell and tired (fatigue), chills or
feeling feverish, headache pain or joint muscle
aches.
Categories to
consider: Cause:
Our body resistance differ from one another
INFORMATIVE
Effect:
The common adverse effects include:
tenderness, pain, warmth, redness, itching or
swelling on the arm where you got the injections,
generally feeling unwell and tired (fatigue), chills or
feeling feverish, headache pain or joint muscle
aches.
Categories to
consider:

INFORMATIVE Keyword:
Previously
Categories to
consider:

PERSUASIVE

▹ It refers to the writers’ attempt to convince

the reader to believe what they are saying.
Categories to
consider:

PERSUASIVE Example:

If you send me the money, therefore I will

send you the goods.
Categories to
consider:
Cause:
PERSUASIVE
If you send me the money
Effect:
I will send you the goods
Keyword:
Therefore
Categories to
consider:

SPECULATIVE

▹ It suggests possibilities.
Categories to
consider:
Example:
SPECULATIVE
If it happens that the Philippine government
will have enough funding to purchase vaccines
and if only it has its own vaccine, therefore, the
effect would be a good one, like the number of
COVID cases will soon be depleted .
Categories to
consider: Cause
If it happens that the Philippine government
SPECULATIVE will have enough funding to purchase vaccines and if
only it has its own vaccine
Effect
The number of COVID cases will soon be
depleted.
Keyword
Therefore
 Identify the
primary and
secondary
causes and ▹ This is to maintain order and coherence in
effects of the your academic texts, and also to avoid
situation losing focus.
▹ The primary stands the first cause and
effect then secondary is the second cause
and effect.
 Identify the
primary and
Example
secondary
causes and
effects of the Anna’s chair was made of weak materials
situation
and was poorly designed such that its legs are
not structurally stable. The following hour it
broke instantly when she sits on it and had her
legs wounded.
 Identify the
primary and
secondary Primary Cause:
causes and Anna’s chair was made of weak materials
effects of the
situation
Secondary Cause:
And was poorly designed such that its
legs are not structurally stable
 Identify the
primary and
secondary Primary Effect:
causes and It broke instantly when she sits on it
effects of the
situation Secondary Effect:
Her legs wounded
Keyword:
Following
Concentrate on
the immediate
rather than the
remote causes
and/or effects ▹ Immediate occurs near the time of an
event.
▹ Remote occurs in a more distant time.
Concentrate on
the immediate
Example:
rather than the
remote causes
and/or effects A month before their wedding, they choose the
best bridal party attire and accessories, hire
photographer, videographer, caterer and planner,
reserve ceremony and reception venues and purchase
wedding dress, veil and undergarments. As a result,
they have the best and successful wedding they
could experience.
Concentrate on
the immediate
Immediate Cause:
rather than the
remote causes
and/or effects A month before their wedding, they choose the
best bridal party attire and accessories, hire
photographer, videographer, caterer and planner,
reserve ceremony and reception venues and
purchase wedding dress, veil and undergarments.
Concentrate on
the immediate
rather than the Remote Effect :
remote causes
and/or effects
They have the best and successful wedding
they could experience

Keyword:
As a result
Be aware of the
fallacies ▹ Be wary of illogical fallacies of faulty casuality
or propter hoc, ergo propter hoc (Latin for
“after this, therefore because of this”).

▹ Faulty Casuality or propter hoc, ergo propter

hoc. It happens when one assumes that event A
is always the cause of event B, and/or event B
is always the effect of event A.
Be aware of the
fallacies
Example:

The rooster crows immediately before

sunrise; therefore the sun rise-up.
Be aware of the Cause:
fallacies
The rooster crows immediately before
sunrise
Effect:
The sun rise-up
Keyword:
Therefore
Activity

31
Identify the
cause, effect 1. We do not have school on Monday because we had 8
inches snow.
and the key
word.
Cause:
We had 8 inches snow
Effect:
We do not have school on Monday
Keyword:
because
Identify the
cause, effect 2. It was raining; therefore, I stayed home.
and the key
word. Cause:
It was raining
Effect:
I stayed home
Keyword:
therefore
Identify the
cause, effect 3. Maddie didn’t want to go to school because
and the key she was being bullied.
word. Cause:
She was being bullied
Effect:
Maddie didn’t want to go to school
Keyword:
Because
Identify the
cause, effect
4. If only all people have the privilege to store
and the key
foods that is good for a month, therefore it
word. lessens the spread of COVID-19.

Answer:
Categories to consider: Speculative
Identify the
cause, effect
5. It rains because I wash my car.
and the key
word.
Answer:
Be aware of the fallacies: Faulty Casuality or
propter hoc, ergo propter hoc
Thank you for listening!