MA J OR IN T E R NA L O R GA N S

OF THE HU M A N B O D Y
BRAIN
BRAIN
HEART
HEART

•The human heart is an organ that

pumps blood throughout the body via
the circulatory system,
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
•TWO UPPER •TWO LOWER CHAMBER
CHAMBER (ATRIA) (VENTRICLES)
RIGHT ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE
LEFT ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE
LUN G S
 LUNGS
•. It allows us to take in oxygen and free our body of carbon
dioxide. Oxygen-poor, carbon dioxide-rich blood from the
heart is delivered to the lungs where gas exchange takes
place before returning to the heart for the transport of
oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. The lungs, as well
as the hearts, are protected by our rib cage.
L I VE R
•The liver  is the largest internal organ and is part of the
digestive system. It is also a gland that produces bile,
which aids digestion and breaks down fats in the food
you eat. Your liver is responsible for taking the toxins out
of your body. You cannot survive without a healthy liver
S TO M A C H
 STOMACH
•The stomach is a bean-shaped, sac-like organ located in the
left side of the upper abdomen. It acts as the holding and
mixing are for food. In the stomach, the food is mixed with
acids and enzymes that help break down some of the food
components. The partly digested food (called chime) then
enters the small intestine for further digestion
THE IN TE S T IN E
SMALL INTESTINE
•The small intestine is made is also responsible for
most of the absorption of nutrients, such as vitamins,
minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, into the
body. The small intestine is made up of three parts:
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
LARGE INTESTINE
•After the small intestine comes the large intestine. It is
specialized organ that empties into the bowel. The large
intestine is mostly responsible for water absorption and the
processing of waste. In this organ, water is removed, and
tool is stored in the s-shaped parts until it is ready for
discharge from the body through bowel movement.
KIDNEY
 KIDNEY
•The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter blood, keep the right
amount of fluids in the body, and help keep the right amount of fluids
in the body, and help keep blood pressure checked. Kidneys remove
waste products and excess water from the blood through urine.
Without kidneys, the blood will be quickly poisoned. The kidneys are
connected by the long tubes called ureters to the bladder where
urine is stored
BONES
 BONES
• The bones give shape and structural support to the body. In the skeletal
framework, the spine acts as the base that supports all of the other bones. The
figure on the left shows the major bones in the body. 
• The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh bone. The smallest bone is
the stirrup, which is located in the middle ear. The bone marrow, which is
found in the inner layer of most bones, is where blood cells are produced. 
M U S C L ES
 MUSCLES
•The muscles provide the necessary pull to make the
joints of our bones bend or straighten to cause
movement. Muscles are attached to the bones and
organs and get their signals to contract or relax from the
brain. Muscles protect bones and the organs of our body. 
 S T RU CT U RE S O F A N I M A LS
BODY O N
TH A T M A KE T H E M A D A P T
LAND AN D I N W A T E R
 ADAPTATIONS
•Adaptations refers to how an animal adjusts to the conditions
in its environment. Animals adapt to their environment in
order to survive. This also enables the animals to hide from
their predators. Animals that kill and eat other animals called
predators, while animals that are killed and eaten by other
animals are called preys.
STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS
•Physical attributes that help an animal to
survive. These structures enable animals to
move from one place to another, find food,
protect themselves, or help them cope up with
extreme cold or heat.
SHARP TEETH- HAVING SHARP TEETH
•ALLOWS ANIMALS TO EAT
MEAT. THESE TEETH ENABLE
THEM TO TEAR THE BODY
OF THEIR PREY INTO
PIECES.
 WEBBED-FEET
•many animals that live in water
have developed webbed feet that
help them paddle in water to
catch prey or escape anyone who
wants to kill or eat them.
 THICK FUR
•The artic fox, polar bear, artic
rabbit, wolf, reindeer and harp
seal are protected from their
hostile environment through
their thick, multi-layered coat
or fur.
BEAKS

•Large beaks
allow them to
crack open
seeds and nuts.
FINS
•Help the fish swim. They help
them to keep balance and aid
the fish when turning. Some
fins are also spiny and protect
them from enemies.
BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION

•Activities performed by an animal

that help it survive in their
environment.
CAMOUFLAGE

•Is an adaptation in
which an animal can
hide by blending in
with its surroundings.
MIMICRY

•Is an adaptation in
which one animal
imitates another
animal.
MIGRATING

•Is an instinctive
behavior in which some
animals move from one
place to another.
 HIBERNATING
• Is an instinctive behavior in which
some animals spend the winter in an
inactive condition. Animals go into
“deep sleep” to save energy when it is
very cold outside to find food. They
prepare for their winter sleep by
eating extra food and storing it as fat
 C I AL I Z E D S T R U C TU R E S O F
SPE
R R ES T R I AL A N D A QU A T I C
TE
PLANTS
PL A N T A D A P A TA TI ON
TERRESTIAL PLANTS
• Plants are found
everywhere on earth.
Some plants grow on
land and are
called terrestrial plants. 
 DESERT PLANTS
• Leaves are either absent or present in the
form of spines which help in reducing loss of
water, as desert plants lose very little water
through transpiration. Example: cactus, have
thick, green fleshy stem covered with a thick
waxy layer which helps to retain water and
also carry out photosynthesis
 TROPICAL RAINFOREST
•Trees in such forests are of great height so
as to reach the top to get maximum
sunlight as very little sunlight reaches the
ground due to dense vegetation. Plants at
lower levels have big, broad leaves to
absorb sunlight.
 GRASSLANDS
•Plants in grasslands have strong
roots and flexible stems so that they
cannot be pulled or broken by
strong winds. They have small
leaves to ensure reduced water
loss.
 MOUNTAIN REGIONS
•The trees in mountain regions are
conical shaped with sloping
branches. Examples: deodar, spruce.
The leaves of plants are needle like
in shape which helps rainwater and
snow to slide off easily.
 AQUATIC PLANTS
•          Aquatic plants have special
structures that enable them to live
in marine or fresh water
environment. Aquatic habitats are
different from terrestrial habitats.
There is limited supply of oxygen in
aquatic systems.
 PLANTS FLOATING
• Aquatic plants that are found suspended
on water surface with their root not
attached to substrate or sediment or
bottom of water body. They are easily
blown by air and provide breeding ground
for mosquito. Example, water lettuce,
water cabbage or nile cabbage
 FIXED PLANTS
•They have roots which are fixed
to the bottom of the pond. Have
long, hollow stem to reach the
surface of the water. Example:
lotus, water lily
 UNDERWATER PLANTS
•These have narrow leaves
without any stomata. They
breathe through the surface
and keep the water clean.
Example: tape grass, pond
weed.
 YC LE O F AN I M A LS W H I C H
LI F E C E
CAN BE AFFE C T E D B Y T H
E NV I R O N M E N T
METAMORPHOSIS. 

•Process by which some animals undergo

changes in form and structure as they
develop from young to adult is called 
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
•There are animals that undergo
four stages of development.
These animals change from egg
to larva, from larva to pupa, from
pupa to adult. This change is
called complete metamorphosis.
 INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS.
•However, there are animals that go
through only three stages of
development. These animals change
from egg to nymph, which looks like a
little adult without wings, and from
nymph to adult. This change is called
incomplete metamorphosis.